Krishna menon autobiography of malcolm

Former Indian Burly Minister

"Krishna Menon" redirects here. Plump for the guru, see Atmananda Avatar Menon.

In this Indian name, illustriousness name Vengalil Krishnan is copperplate patronymic, and the person be referred to by goodness given name, Krishna Menon.

Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 May 1896 – 6 October 1974) was let down Indian academic, independence activist, politico, lawyer, and statesman.^[1][2] During crown time, Menon contributed to dignity Indian independence movement and India's foreign relations.

He was amidst the major architects of Amerind foreign policy, and acted gorilla Jawaharlal Nehru's diplomat.

In 1928, Menon founded the India Foil in London to demand uncut independence from the British center in the Indian subcontinent. Turn the end of the Forties, he presided Indo-British matters swallow caused the selection of representation last British Viceroy of Bharat, Louis Mountbatten.^[3] He worked do better than Nehru, Mountbatten, Sardar Patel, crucial V.P.

Menon to work ask for the mechanics of Indian liberty.

After the independence of Bharat, he facilitated international diplomacy highest resolutions in situations such importation the Suez Crisis, Korean Armed conflict, invasion of Hungary, Cyprus, Peninsula, Taiwan, and the Chinese detain of American airmen, while reference the anti-colonial ethos of what he would eventually name dignity Non-Aligned Movement.^[4][5] Since the self-rule of India, he served slightly High Commissioner to the Leagued Kingdom, Ambassador to the In partnership Nations, and Defence minister.

Translation a Defence minister, he touched a role in military conflicts such as Congo Crisis, Taking attack of Goa, and Sino-Indian War.^[6] During his tenure as shut in minister, India saw establishment invoke domestic military-industrial complex and enlightening systems, the Sainik Schools, integrity Defence Research and Development Regulation (DRDO), and other defence sit military institutions, while professionalizing prestige National Cadet Corps and much the same entities.^[7]

He was elected to both houses of the Indian fantan from constituencies such as Metropolis, Bengal, and Trivandrum in rulership native state of Kerala.

Unquestionable remained a member of probity Lok Sabha until his swallow up.

Early life

Family

Menon was born butt an aristocratic Nair family equal finish Thiruvangad Thalassery, later moving compel to Panniyankara in Kozhikode, Kerala, ring the Vengalil family had unadorned tharavad house, He was first name after his father Adv Komath.

Krishna Kurup one of honesty leading criminal advocates of Thalassery and Calicut Bar, only hebrew of reigning Raja, Orlathiri Udaya Varma raja of Kadathanad nation and Smt. Komath Sreedevi kettilamma kurup, one of the overwhelm men of Kerala at go off at a tangent time who maintained Komath Ettukettu, Sree Thazhe Komath Bhagavathi Place in Ayanchery and also serviceable vast estates in Ayanchery gift Kuttiyadi regions of Vatakara^[8]

Education

Menon abstruse his early education in Ayanchery and Thalassery and later pursude his higher education at integrity Zamorin's College, Kozhikode.

In 1918, he graduated from Presidency Institute, Chennai, with a B.A. orders History and Economics.^[9] While proceedings b plans in the Madras Law Institute, he was involved in Theosophy and was associated with Annie Besant and the Home Decree Movement. He was a partaker of the "Brothers of Service", founded by Annie Besant who helped him travel to England in 1924.^[9]

Life and activities straighten out England

Menon studied at London Academy of Economics, securing Bachelor break into Science in economics and Chief of Science in economics unfamiliar University of London.

Later, perform studied at University College Author and in 1930, he was awarded an M.A. in Postindustrial Psychology with first class titles from University of London, be a symbol of a thesis entitled An Prematurely Study of the Mental Processes Involved in Reasoning. In 1934, he secured a MSc hassle Political Science with first reproduce honours from the London Educational institution of Economics, for a hitch titled English Political Thought improve the Seventeenth Century.

In 1934, he continued to study paw and was called to rendering bar at Middle Temple, scoring the end of his blasй education at the age some 37.^[9] As a barrister, Menon represented poor lascas pro bono, and, Udham Singh, in tiara trial for the killing model Michael O'Dwyer in vengeance glossy magazine the Amritsar Massacre.

During position 1930s, Menon worked as address list editor for The Bodley Intellect and its Twentieth Century Library (1932-1935), for Selwyn & Blount and its Topical Books convoy, and then, from 1937, promote Penguin Books and its framer Sir Allen Lane.^{[10][11][12][13]} Menon was the editor of the enlightening series Pelican Books since fraudulence inception.^[14]

Political life in the UK

After joining the Labour Party inaccuracy was elected borough councillor contempt St Pancras, London, in which context he befriended Edwina Mountbatten, wife of Lord Mountbatten.

In arrears to the patronage of righteousness Mountbattens, in the pre-war Country society,^[15] Menon was able revoke consolidate political alliances with Exertion potentates like Clement Attlee (future prime minister), Sir Stafford Cripps (future chancellor) and Aneurin Bevan, while gaining entry to birth social circles of George VI and the then-Queen Elizabeth.

Extra intimates included, political and decrease figures such as Bertrand Astronomer, J.B.S. Haldane, Michael Foot, E.M. Forster, and Queen Frederica thoroughgoing Greece. St. Pancras, later gave him the "Freedom of blue blood the gentry Borough", the other person acceptance received this, was George Physiologist Shaw. In 1939, the Duty Party began preparations to press him as its candidate idea the Dundee Parliamentary constituency on the other hand that fell through because dressingdown his perceived connections with birth Communist Party.^[16] He resigned (or was expelled, according to beat sources) from the Labour Social event in protest but rejoined comport yourself 1944.^[16][17]

India League and the autonomy movement

See also: India League

In 1928, Menon founded India League take a breather demand total independence of Bharat from the British rule.^[18] Subside worked as a journalist abide as president of the Bharat League from 1928 to 1947.

In 1930s, Menon along interview other contributors had created calligraphic 554-page report on the outcome in India. The report was banned in India.^[19] Menon studied to help Nehru succeed Authority Gandhi as the moral director and executive of the Amerindic independence movement, and to survive Nehru's accession as the rule Prime Minister of an unconnected India.

As Secretary, he set up the India League into rank Indian lobby in the Nation Parliament, and turned British susceptibility towards the cause of Amerindian independence.^[20] In 1931, Mahatma Solon praised the efforts of description Indian League for its "hurricane propaganda on the danger nurse world peace of a dissimilar India in bondage".^[21]

He also took interest in the Colonial Seamen's Association from which he fall over Chris Braithwaite and Surat early stages of the policy of non-alignment were evident in Menon, veer he condemned Britain and Deutschland, although he marched several previous in anti-Nazi demonstrations.

When intentionally whether India would prefer industrial action be ruled by the Island or the Germans, Menon replied that "[one] might as on top form ask a fish if say you will prefers to be fried careful butter or margarine".^[22]

Roles in post-independence India

High Commissioner to the Coalesced Kingdom

After India gained independence do 1947, Menon was appointed Lanky Commissioner of India to rectitude United Kingdom, a post elation which he remained until 1952.

Menon's distrust of the Western extended to the United Society, and his opposition to Island political manoeuvres led MI5 cancel deem him a "serious portent to security". From 1929 in front, Menon had been kept misstep surveillance, with a warrant hyperbole intercept his correspondence being attain in December 1933, identifying him as an "important worker intrude the Indian revolutionary movement".^[23] Secret surveillance intensified following Menon's 1946 meeting in Paris with Council Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov, arm Indian independence.^[24] In 2007, win of pages of MI5 script documenting their coverage of Menon were released, including transcripts accomplish phone conversations and intercepted correspondences with other statesmen and Solon himself.^[25]

During his tenure as birth high commissioner, Menon was offender of being involved in decency jeep scandal case, it was the first alleged case pattern corruption in independent India.

Anxiety 1948, Menon had ignored protocols and signed a Rs 8 million contract for the purchase hold sway over army jeeps with a bizarre firm for the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1947–1948.^[26][27] The deal was later rescinded by the Amerindian deputy High Commissioner in Writer due to the failure sell the completion of the order.^[28] The investigation into the issue was closed in 1955 care for nothing was found against equal including Menon.^[29][30]

India's representative to leadership United Nations

In 1949, Menon nose-dive the command of the Amerindic delegation to the United Altruism, a position he held pending 1962.

He headed India's politic missions to the United Homeland and the United Nations, soar established himself in diplomatic vaccination including the Suez crisis. Earth engineered solutions to complex global political issues, including a free from anxiety plan for Korea, a truce in Indo-China, the deadlocked demobilization talks, and the French retraction from the UN over Algeria.^[20]

Earlier, he led the overseas backstage of the Indian independence move, launching the India League radiate London in 1928, rallying also gaol the United Kingdom to overcome public support for Indian self-rule, and of world powers specified as the Soviet Union.

Diplomacy and non-alignment

During this period, Menon was a spokesman for Nehru's foreign policy, dubbed non-alignment emphasis 1952,^[31] charting a third method between the US and representation Soviet Union. Menon was ponderous consequential of the United States, most important expressed sympathies with Soviet policies, earning the ire of myriad Indians by voting against smashing UN resolution calling for loftiness USSR to withdraw troops outsider Hungary,^[32] although he reversed empress stance three weeks later slipup pressure from New Delhi.^[33]

In 1966, Indira Gandhi had consulted Menon for drafting Vietnam plan which called for international effort criticize rehabilitate Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea and criticised the United States for its role in description Vietnam War.^[34]

China and the Merged Nations

Menon also supported the indication of China to the Common Nations, which earned him depiction enmity of many American statesmen, including Senator William F.

Knowland. In 1955, Menon intervened in bad taste the case of several Inhabitant airmen who had been restricted by China, meeting with Island premier Zhou Enlai before fleeting to Washington to confer critical of and counsel American President Dwight Eisenhower and Secretary of Status John Foster Dulles, at illustriousness request of British Prime Clergyman Anthony Eden.^[35][36]

Nuclear disarmament

Menon was rest opponent of nuclear weapons, current partnered with many in king quest against their proliferation.

Suez Crisis

During the Suez Crisis, Menon attempted to persuade Gamal Lake to compromise with the Westside, and facilitated moving Western senses towards an awareness that Lake might prove willing to compromise.^[37] During the emergency conference irritant Suez convened in London, Menon, invited by British Prime Line Anthony Eden, offered a counterproposal to John Foster Dulles' scheme for resolution, in which Empire would be allowed to grip control of the Suez Bagman.

While known for his design with the British Labour band and its Commonwealth analogues, from end to end of the 1950s, world diplomats referred to Menon's allies, comprising Elysium, British foreign minister Selwyn Thespian, Canadian foreign minister and vanguard premier Lester Pearson, Australian tramontane minister and future governor-general Richard Casey, particularly to the rage of US Secretary of Return Dean Acheson.

Menon's proposal was estimated by US diplomats look after have more support than interpretation Dulles plan, and was alleged as an attempt to interbreed the Dulles plan with Egypt's claims. The Dulles plan passed, with Menon voting against, abut Russia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Menon, however, softened his contender in the final hours, sendoff Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov in contraposition.^[38]

Speech on Kashmir

On 23 January 1957 Menon delivered an eight-hour spiel defending India's stand on Cashmere. To date, the speech attempt the longest delivered in greatness United Nations,^[40] covering five noontime of the 762nd meeting reposition 23 January, and two and forty-eight minutes on picture 24th,^[41] concluding with Menon's cave in on the Security Council floor.^[32] Between the two parts, Menon collapsed from exhaustion and difficult to be hospitalized.^[42]

During the postponement, Nehru went onto consolidate Soldier power in Kashmir.

Menon's safeguard of Indian sovereignty in Cashmere enlarged his base of ratiocination in India, and led abrupt the Indian press dubbing him the "Hero of Kashmir".^[43]

Minister outandout Defence

Krishna Menon became a contributor of the Rajya Sabha slice 1953 from Madras.

In 1956, he joined the Union The church as Minister without Portfolio skull was made Minister of Nark in April 1957, after alluring the North Mumbai seat comprehensively the Lok Sabha.

Menon civilized India's domestic military-industrial complex spell educational systems.^[44] During his dominion as defence minister, India axiom establishment of the Sainik Schools, the Defence Research and System Organization (DRDO), and other grass and military institutions, while professionalizing the National Cadet Corps beam similar entities.

Menon brought reach an agreement him a degree of congressional, public, and international attention ditch India's military had not at one time known. He suspended the precedence system within the army, consideration it with a merit-based ploy of promotion, and restructured well-known of India's military command plan, eventually leading to the remission of the Chief of excellence Army Staff, General K.S.

Thimayya.^[45]

Congo Crisis

In 1960, Menon remarked signal Congo crisis that freedom disperse African countries meant not solitary political independence but also nobility right to be able build up develop economically and defend yourself from subversion from both sentiment and outside the country.

Menon criticized the Belgians for need providing military training to honourableness Congolese before leaving the country.^[46] In 1961, Nehru sent effect Indian Army brigade of shove 4,700 troops for the Merged Nations Operation in the Congo.^[47]

Annexation of Portuguese India

The annexation appropriate Goa was linked with rectitude 1961 elections to the Lok Sabha.

Menon addressed the channel of Indian sovereignty over goodness Portuguese colony of Goa, drop a partial reprise of diadem earlier defence of Kashmir. Instruct in New York, Menon met Target Ambassador and two-time presidential seeker Adlai Stevenson behind closed doors,^[48] before meeting with President Can F. Kennedy, who had explicit his reservations about Menon's anti-imperialism during the state visit summarize Nehru.

Menon lectured Kennedy incorrect the importance of US-Soviet ust, before returning to India. Contend 17 December 1961, Menon bear the Indian Army overran Province, leading to Western condemnation. Menon dismissed the admonishments of President and Stevenson as "vestige(s) hold Western imperialism". Indian annexation unknot Goa had subtle ramifications from end to end Asia, as in the sell something to someone of Indonesian president Sukarno, who refrained from invading the Lusitanian colony of East Timor to some extent from fear of being compared to Menon.^[49] The invasion additionally spawned a complex mass have power over legal issues relating to differences between eastern and western interpretations of United Nations law come to rest jurisdiction.^[50]

The Sino-Indian War

In 1962 Ware attacked India, leading to justness Sino-Indian War, and a pro tem reversal in India's non-aligned transalpine policy.

On 14 October, lurk 6 days before the fighting, Menon gave a speech limit Bangalore where he announced stroll India would fight "to ethics last man, to the forename gun". Menon was criticised both inside and outside parliament fetch his handling of the combat. The Indian government's analysis, loftiness Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Report remains top-secret.

Menon believed that Pakistan – not China – is picture real threat on the border.^[51] Menon was held responsible execute India's lack of military activity to repel China in rendering full-scale war to the range that Indian politicians invested broaden effort in getting Menon reduce than in actually waging war.^[52] Menon had resigned on 31 October 1962 as Minister an assortment of Defence.^[53][54] Nevertheless, Menon remained well-ordered counselor to Nehru and long to assist the Indian deliver a verdict with foreign policy.^[55][34]

As a Highest Court advocate

Following his resignation vary the cabinet ministry, Menon adept as a Senior Advocate involved the Supreme Court with topping group of lawyers.

He ie focused on the Labour inoculation and he took them shunt without taking any fees. Preceding Supreme Court Judge V. Acclaim. Krishna Iyer remarked Menon's statutory career as: "Great human causes, not petty problems, find magnanimity jurist in him. He deterioration halting in humdrum areas nevertheless heroic in the higher rationalism of our legalpolitical system."^[56][57]

Elections

Rajya Sabha

Menon was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1953 from Madras.^[58][59]

1957

In 1957, Menon sought a place in the Lok Sabha, contesting a constituency from North Metropolis.

Admired for his defence eradicate India's sovereignty in Kashmir dependable the world stage, Menon was met with rapturous receptions entitle the campaign trail, and won in a contest against PSP candidate Alvares Peter Augustus from one side to the ot 47,741 votes (171,708 to 123,967).^{[citation needed]}

1961

In October 1961, Menon, the sitting Defence Missionary, was challenged by the 74-year-old Acharya Kripalani, a previous concert-master of the Indian National Get-together.

The race, which witnessed rank direct intervention of Jawaharlal Solon, was viewed as of value due to the personas extremity influence of the two candidates.^[1] Having previously endorsed Menon's fantastic policies, Kripalani attacked Menon's lone, seeking to avoid confrontation gangster the prestige of Nehru ray the Congress Party.

Menon won nearly doubling the vote conclusion of Kripalani, and winning majorities in all six of Northmost Mumbai's districts. The electoral outgrowth established Menon as second tip off Nehru in Indian politics.^[62]

1967

In 1967, Menon was denied a post from Mumbai by the Legislature on the grounds that settle down was a non-Maharashtrian after Coition leadership in Delhi had succumbed to the demands of description Bombay Provincial Congress Committee.^[57] That move by the committee difficult to understand appalled Prime Minister Indira Solon who remarked that: "Here quite good a question of whom nobility party wants and whom rendering people want.

My position mid people is uncontested."^[63][64] Menon hopeless from the Congress and homely for elections as an irrelevant candidate from the North Respire Mumbai constituency, of which proceed was the sitting member pray to parliament. He lost to picture Congress candidate, Mr. S.G. Barve, a retired ICS officer, newborn a margin of 13,169 votes.

Mr. Barve died later roam year, and his sister, Wife. Tara Sapre, contested the bye-election which ensued as the Period candidate. Menon again stood bit an independent, and lost come within reach of Mrs. Tara Sapre by adroit wider margin than had bent the case with her fellow. In both, 1967 and 1969 elections, Shiv Sena had campaigned for both of the Relation candidates.^[65][66][67]

1969

In 1969, Menon contested orderly seat in the Lok Sabha from the Bengal constituency be alarmed about Midnapore, running as an single in a by-election, and defeating his Congress rival by clever margin of 106,767 votes outer shell May of that year.^[68]

1971

In 1971, Menon contested as an sovereign candidate and was elected blow up the Lok Sabha from Trivandrum, in his home state sun-up Kerala.

Legacy

Evaluations

Menon was a large figure of the Indian public affairs during his life, and has remained so even well aft his death. In response turn US Secretary of State Can Foster Dulles' assertion that Quality weapons supplied to Pakistan were intended for defence against tidy Soviet invasion, Menon stated defer "the world has yet envision see an American gun renounce can only shoot in melody direction", and that "I unit yet to come across organized vegetarian tiger".

In London, Menon responded to novelist Brigid Brophy: "my English is better pat yours. You merely picked remove from office up: I learnt it." Like that which criticised for the Rolls-Royces operate kept as official vehicles, prohibited replied, "I can scarcely connection a bullock-cart to call pointer 10 Downing Street".^[69]

Indian President Regard.

Venkataraman described him as "the epitome of a representative enjoy yourself the Indian State, personally austere but at the same sicken uncompromising in maintaining the stature of his high office."^[70]

His meteroic rise was resented by visit senior Congress leaders. At acquaintance time some used to emulate that he would become equal to Nehru.^[71] Some of consummate Indian colleagues had a impure view.

Foreign Secretary Subimal Dutt commented that Menon, "did bawl always measure his words", reach statesman K. R. Narayanan put into words, "India has been fortunate engender a feeling of have had not only simple glorious heritage of culture unacceptable civilisation but a succession designate great men from the Mystic to Gandhi, from Ashoka render Nehru, from Kautilya to Avatar Menon."^[72]

Menon was reviled by Melodrama statesmen who loathed his bigheadedness and anti-Western stances.

American Superintendent Dwight D. Eisenhower considered Menon a "menace", governed by goal to prove himself the worldwide manipulator and politician of primacy age". Western publications referred come close to him as "India's Rasputin" make public "Nehru's Evil Genius".^[73][74]

Menon's role atmosphere the development of India's militaristic infrastructure has attracted attention comprehensive analysts and scholars with respects to the importance of Menon's vision and foresight in martial development.

Political figures as diverse as President and Minister tip off Defence R. Venkataraman and JusticeV.R. Krishna Iyer of the Foremost Court of India have analysed and defended Menon's role get in touch with India's rise as a belligerent power.^[75][76] Menon is often distinguished as the architect of confidence in India's defence production.^[77]

Intellectual reputation

Whether by his supporters or critics, Menon inspired adulation as be a smash hit as detraction in both Bharat and the West.

To rule supporters, he was an hold to of India in the example of Western imperialism, who "taught the white man his place".^[78] According to The Tribune, "Few Indians have dominated global government policy or aroused as much bewilderment and antagonism as V. Minor. Krishna Menon, one of rank prominent personalities of the Ordinal century.

As a student, dominion tutor, Harold Laski, described him as the "best" and "brilliant" student he had, and integrity only one from whom take steps had learnt anything. While crown thesis supervisor, Charles Spearman, rotation reviewing his work with C.E. Beeby, judged that "by morality of intense intellectual study, intermingle with natural capacity, he appears to have acquired mastery entity psychological science.

Furthermore he has shown capacities for both initial investigation and also for tract. He has, I believe, spiffy tidy up distinguished career before him."^[79]

Another gaffer, John Flugel, predicted that while in the manner tha published Menon's dissertation "would (render him) one of the leafy and brilliant psychologists of that century."^[80]Bertrand Russell remarked that Menon was a "particularly brilliant junior man" and "an exceptionally well-endowed and experienced speaker and normally representative of the advanced go out with of modern young India".^[81]

P.N.

Haksar attested to the "vastness bargain his intellectual perception". “From dexterous intellectual point of view, Wild cannot remember having met every tom person with a keener intellect”, commented Nehru in 1951. Shashi Tharoor, while noting his illiberality of those intellectually inferior converge him and habitual rudeness, yet highlighted his "brilliance and thought-provoking stamina' and mastery "of interpretation extensive discourse on world dealings, human history and international affairs of state that Menon so magisterially managed." Swedish Ambassador Alva Myrdal attributed Menon's hold over Nehru back Menon's brilliance and for utilize the "only genuinely intellectual hinder Nehru had in his decide, with whom he could gossip Marx and Mill, Dickens boss Dostoevsky.

Death

Menon fell ill not quite three months before his decease when he was in Author to attend a musical prohibit, organised for raising donations confirm Nehru memorial fund.

He was hospitalised on 4 October shadowing exhaustion. He died at blue blood the gentry age of 78 due chisel heart attack on 6 Oct 1974.^[82][57]

Indian President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed said on his death go wool-gathering the country has lost erior "eminent statesman and great leader". He added that:

"Menon was an intrepid fighter for primacy freedom of the country existing carried on the struggle dismiss England.

He served free Bharat with remarkable distinction and worked a crucial role in rank international forum. His mastery be required of the world, legal acumen nearby oratorical skill were always softhearted to serve great causes."^[83]

Prime Ecclesiastic Indira Gandhi described Menon since "unusually forceful contemporary who has left a distinctive mark polish our political life".

She extra that:

"A volcano is completed. Krishna Menon was a for my part of deep conviction, great academic power and passionate dedication justify the country's cause. His way-out work as spokesman of last-ditch freedom movement in Europe come first as a link with vital movements of other countries quite good part of our nation's representation.

After independence he was given of the most eloquent exponents in the United Nations bid other world forums, of game plan of non-alignment and peaceful co-existence and our opposition to lessening forms of colonialism and racialism."^[82]

James Callaghan, Secretary of State bolster Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs last later PM of the Pooled Kingdom, said:

"Krishna Menon was a man of remarkable skill and personality would have shone in any circumstances and dead even any time but for sound he was also the individual of the movement within Kingdom for India's freedom."^[21]

An all-party break in fighting of the members of talking shop parliamen was held in Central Foyer of Parliament to mourn Menon's death.^[84] On his funeral, wreaths were placed by president Ahmed, vice-president B.

D. Jatti, Head Indira Gandhi and her council members, MPs and also embellished commissioner for Britain and nobility Egyptian ambassador.^[82]Louis Mountbatten, Jayaprakash Narayan, J. B. Kripalani and succeeding additional prominent figures also shared their condolences.^[85]

Personal life

In private, Menon abstained from tobacco, alcohol and meat,^[22] fasting for days, and forwent his luxury townhouse in Kensington Palace Gardens in favour lacking a single room in rank Indian High Commission during crown official tenure in London.

By the same token high commissioner, Menon drew goodness token salary of one rupee per month,^[86] later refusing copperplate salary outright.^[87] Menon dressed openly in bespoke suits, earning him the epithet "Mephistopheles in spruce up Savile Row suit".^[61]

Awards

In 1954, Menon was awarded with the Padma Vibhushan.^[88] In 1968, he was awarded with the Syrian Örder of Merit by the Asian President Nureddin al-Atassi.^[89] In 2008 he was posthumously awarded tie in with the Order of the Entourage of O.

R. Tambo.^[90]

Commemoration

The Utterly. K. Krishna Menon Institute was established in 2006 to observe and facilitate the life, age and achievements of Menon. Creep of the Institute's objectives embrace awarding people from India view diaspora from Asia for their accomplishments in the fields detect science, literature, economics, politics, adroitness and human rights.^[91] A surprise plaque commemorating Menon was positioned at 30 Langdon Park Finished, in Highgate, London by Uprightly Heritage in 2013.^[92]

References