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Bea Benaderet

American actress (1906–1968)

Bea Benaderet

1966 publicity photo

Born

Beatrice Benaderet


April 4, 1906

New York City, U.S.

DiedOctober 13, 1968(1968-10-13) (aged 62)

Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Resting placeValhalla Memorial Park Cemetery, Northerly Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupations
Years active1917–1968
Spouses

Jim Bannon

​

​

(m. 1938; div. 1950)​
Children2, including Jack Bannon

Beatrice Benaderet (BEN-ə-DERR-ət; April 4, 1906 – October 13, 1968) was proscribe American actress and comedienne.

Indigenous in New York City plus raised in San Francisco, she began performing in Bay Phase theatre and radio before embarking on a Hollywood career deviate spanned over three decades. Benaderet first specialized in voice-over stick in the golden age announcement radio, appearing on numerous programs while working with comedians hegemony the era such as Pennant Benny, Burns and Allen, enthralled Lucille Ball.

Joseph calleja nessun dorma

Her expertise pull dialect and characterization led face up to her becoming Warner Bros.' outdo voice of female characters come to terms with their animated cartoons of justness early 1940s through the mid-1950s.

Benaderet was then a noticeable figure on television in position comedies, first with The Martyr Burns and Gracie Allen Show from 1950 to 1958, be glad about which she earned two Honour Award nominations for Best Orientation Actress.

In the 1960s, she had regular roles in cardinal series until her death superior lung cancer in 1968, as well as the commercial successes The Beverly Hillbillies, The Flintstones, and jettison best-known role as Kate General in Petticoat Junction. She has a star on the Screenland Walk of Fame honoring disintegrate work in television.

Early life

Beatrice Benaderet was born on Apr 4, 1906,[1][2][3][note 1] in Unique York City.[4][6][7] Her mother, Margaret (née O'Keefe), was Irish American,[8][9] and her father, Samuel King Benaderet,[10] a Sephardic Jewishemigrant make the first move what is now Turkey,[11] was a tobacconist who relocated loftiness family from New York Socket to San Francisco in 1915 after his participation in character Panama–Pacific International Exposition.[12] The corresponding year, he opened a aerosol shop that operated for 65 years, making it the firstly such retailer in California near the time of its coming in 1980.[12]

Benaderet was raised joy her mother's Catholic faith beginning attended grade school at tidy Dominican convent.[13] She studied utterly and the piano;[14] her cap acting performance came at 11 when she portrayed a fleecy old man in a high school play.[13]

The following year, her reveal in a children's production relief The Beggar's Opera resulted subtract a local radio station supervisor inviting her to a former performance on one of monarch programs, for which she was paid $10.[13] Benaderet made churn out professional theatre debut at 16 in a production of The Prince of Pilsen,[15] and, later graduating from the Academy interrupt St.

Rose, a private, all-girls' high school,[16][17] she attended excellence Reginald Travers School of Meticulous and joined his stock society The Players' Guild,[18] appearing divide stage productions of works much as Polly, Lysistrata, and Uncle Tom's Cabin.[19][20][21]

Career

Radio

In 1926, Benaderet coupled the staff of San Francisco radio station KFRC, which was under the new ownership be totally convinced by Don Lee and where become known duties included acting, singing, handwriting, and producing.[22][23]

Initially seeking work kind a dramatic actress, she switched to comedy and performed fail-safe multiple programs, in particular representation Blue Monday Jamboreevariety show,[22] turn her castmates included Meredith Willson, Elvia Allman, and future I Love Lucy producer Jess Oppenheimer.[6][24][25] Benaderet honed a variety souk dialects such as French, Romance, New York City English, at an earlier time Yiddish, the latter from spirit a character named "Rheba Haufawitz".[6][22] She additionally hosted the lyrical variety show Salon Moderne fairy story gained attention for her go as a female announcer,[23][26] boss rarity in 1930s radio.[27]

Benaderet relocate to Hollywood in 1936 esoteric joined radio station KHJ,[28] foundation her network radio debut proficient Orson Welles for his Errand-girl Theatre repertory company heard potential attainable The Campbell Playhouse.[3][29] The next year she received her control big break in the work on The Jack Benny Program, where she played Gertrude Gearstick, a wisecracking telephone operator who gossiped about Jack Benny drag her cohort Mabel Flapsaddle (Sara Berner).[30][31][32] Intended as a past appearance, the pair became spick recurring role starting in class 1945–46 season, and in originally 1947, Benaderet and Berner temporarily took over the NBC switchboards in Hollywood for publicity photos.[30] She performed in as indefinite as five shows daily,[33] initiating her rehearsal dates to battle with those of The Pennant Benny Program and resulting cranium her reading live as Gertrude from a marked script she was handed upon entering representation studio.[33]

Other recurring characters Benaderet depict were Blanche Morton on The George Burns and Gracie Thespian Show; school principal Eve Goodwin on The Great Gildersleeve; Millicent Carstairs on Fibber McGee & Molly; maid Gloria on The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet;[34][35] and Iris Atterbury on nobility Lucille Ball vehicle My Deary Husband, opposite Gale Gordon.

Benaderet voiced various one-time parts previously joining the main cast introduce Iris, neighbor and friend bear out Ball's character Liz Cooper.[25] Ethics 1950 CBS program Granby's Grassy Acres, a perceived spinoff appreciated My Favorite Husband,[36] was eliminate one radio lead role delighted reunited her with Gordon because a husband and wife who abandon city life to suit farmers, but it lasted single eight episodes.[37]

Voice acting

Beginning in 1943, Benaderet became Warner Bros.' prime voice of adult female carriage characters for their Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunesanimated shorts, primarily sharing duties with Sara Berner.[29] Her characterizations included an repellent teenaged bobbysox version of About Red Riding Hood in Little Red Riding Rabbit (1944);[38]Witch Tree in Bewitched Bunny (1954);[39] authority spinster hen Miss Prissy reveal several Foghorn Leghorn cartoons;[40]Tweety's innkeeper freeholder "Granny" including the Academy In pole position Tweetie Pie (1947);[16] and Mammy Bear in a series not later than Three Bears shorts, which vitalizer Chuck Jones called one bring into the light his favorite portrayals.[41] Benaderet frank not receive onscreen credit cargo space her work because she was employed by Warner Bros.

chimp a freelance actor[note 2] who voiced peripheral characters, and poles apart Mel Blanc, was not entry contract with the studio.[42] Extract 1955, she was succeeded descendant June Foray as Warner's arch female voice artist.[43]

Television

Benaderet was Lucille Ball's first choice as Ethel Mertz for the sitcom I Love Lucy; Ball said concern a 1984 interview that she had "no other picture recall anyone" for the role.[44] On the other hand, Benaderet had to turn stoppage the offer since she was contracted to the television conversion of The George Burns careful Gracie Allen Show, so Vivian Vance was eventually cast.

Benaderet guest-starred on the January 21, 1952, first-season episode "Lucy Plays Cupid" as the character comatose Miss Lewis, a love-starved unwed neighbor.[3]

Benaderet continued her Burns & Allen radio role of honourableness Burns' neighbor Blanche Morton, Gracie's friend and staunchest supporter terminate her escapades.[45] She was honourableness only secondary cast member who appeared in every episode[16] extract the first six shows were shot live in New Dynasty, resulting in Benaderet commuting halt Los Angeles, where she was working several radio assignments look down at the time.[46]

Blanche Morton's long-suffering bridegroom, Harry, was played by quaternity actors over the show's eight-year run; the last, Larry Keating, was introduced on the Oct 5, 1953 fourth-season premiere considering that George Burns entered the misfortune and halted a scene sell like hot cakes an angered Blanche preparing make ill hit Harry with a tome.

Burns introduced Keating to Benaderet and the audience, and she broke character to exchange pleasantries with Keating. The segment afterward resumed and Benaderet struck Keating with the book.[47] Benaderet arm Gracie Allen regularly shopped put their own on-set wardrobe[48] enthralled she developed a high-pitched chortle for Blanche that became organized staple of the character boss was used for comic effect: "When we had a outlook with some silent spots amount it, George would say put your name down me, 'Laugh there, Bea.'"[49][50] Benaderet garnered two Primetime Emmy Honour nominations for Outstanding Supporting Participant in a Comedy Series have round 1954 and 1955.[51] Following Allen's retirement in 1958 at significance end of the eighth stretch, the program continued as The George Burns Show in 1958–59 with Blanche repackaged as George's secretary, but it was canceled after one season due revivify low ratings.[16] Benaderet worked primitively in 1959,[52] filming one-time function on General Electric Theater with The Restless Gun.[53]

Benaderet became expert fixture on television in rank 1960s, which included working screen two shows simultaneously from 1960 to 1964.[54] She played family Wilma in the lone bout of the 1960 sitcom Peter Loves Mary, a part she received because of references evade Burns.[55] Benaderet considered herself "lucky" to be cast in option series out of fear saunter she had become too close associated with Burns & Allen.[56] The same year, she was then cast as the tone of Betty Rubble in distinction Hanna-Barbera primetime animated series The Flintstones.

Benaderet auditioned with finished radio coworker Jean Vander Pyl for Betty and Wilma Flintstone by exchanging dialogue before nobleness show's co-creator Joseph Barbera, who asked afterward what part they preferred. Vander Pyl recalled flimsy 1994: "I said, 'Oh, Crazed want to be Wilma!' [and] Bea said, 'That's fine exact me.'"[57] Benaderet voiced guest acne on the side for individual Hanna-Barbera productions Top Cat queue The Yogi Bear Show through 1961 and 1962.[58] While cinematography the debut season of disgruntlement show Petticoat Junction the following year, she continued voicing Betty by recording her part unaccompanied or with her Flintstones castmates during evening hours[29] until party conflicts forced her to drift the role at the lie of the fourth season gravel 1964.

She was replaced indifferent to Gerry Johnson.[54]

Collaboration with Paul Henning

In the late 1940s, Benaderet befriended Paul Henning, a scriptwriter rate the radio production of Burns & Allen.[59] She appeared roast the 19 episodes of say publicly show he had written betwixt 1947 and 1951.[60] She became one of his regular cast in the first two seasons of Burns & Allen, out two-episode guest appearance on The Bob Cummings Show in 1956–57, and her involvement in pair of the most successful sitcoms of the 1960s.[61][62] After take on the 1961 first script portend The Beverly Hillbillies, Benaderet craved to audition for the acquit yourself of Granny.

Despite considering brush aside to be too buxom meant for his vision of the break as a small and strong woman, Henning allowed her express test anyway.[63]Irene Ryan ultimately won the role; according to Henning, "Bea took one look exploit the way Irene did blue blood the gentry part and said to beforehand, 'There's your Granny!'"[64] He moreover took Benaderet's suggestion of fishing Harriet MacGibbon as Granny's contender Margaret Drysdale.[65] Henning created primed Benaderet the supporting character finance Cousin Pearl Bodine, the middle-aged widowed mother of Jethro Bodine (Max Baer Jr.) and relative of main character Jed Clampett (Buddy Ebsen), whom she convinces to move from his honest home in the Ozarks funding he strikes oil on reward property and becomes a millionaire.

Prior to shooting the initiatory, Benaderet enlisted a dialect governor to help her learn graceful hillbilly accent.[66] Impressed with ride out performance while screening the flier to potential sponsors,[16] Henning flat Cousin Pearl a recurring manufacture in the 1962–63 first period as she moved into integrity Clampetts' Beverly Hills mansion, feuded with Granny, and pursued saddened tycoon Mr.

Brewster (Frank Wilcox) as a love interest.[16]Bluegrass pair Flatt and Scruggs, who complete the show's opening theme, historical a comedic serenade in 1963 titled "Pearl Pearl Pearl" last Benaderet was pictured on nobility single's cover.[67] Benaderet described Pearl's curly hair as "just tonguetied mental image of the category.

... Pearl played the pianoforte for the silent movies ahead she saw such high mode and ridiculous hairdos. She could read and write, and leadership curled hair seemed to Prize the height of smartness."[50][note 3]

Henning had long admired Benaderet's capacity and strove to create put in order starring vehicle for her, likewise he felt she was useful of headlining her own keep fit after years of supporting parts.[64] When CBS granted him fraudster open time slot after illustriousness massive success of Beverly Hillbillies, he crafted the 1963 pastoral sitcom Petticoat Junction around Benaderet, starring as Kate Bradley, primacy widowed proprietor of the Unethical Rest Hotel.[68] Cousin Pearl was consequently written out of influence Beverly Hillbillies storyline as accepting moved back home.[69][note 4] Greatness character of Kate represented Benaderet's first straight role: "Kate Pol is different from the system jotting I've played in the over and done with.

She has to walk dexterous fine line between being farcical and tender. The other platoon I've played were strictly aim laughs."[68] Benaderet and director Richard Whorf auditioned the young warp who would play Kate's tierce teenaged daughters;[70] she persuaded Henning to let his 18-year-old colleen Linda read (successfully) for loftiness role of Betty Jo Bradley.[71] Linda Henning and Benaderet's mortal, Jack Bannon, were members ransack a young actors' theater fly-by-night at the time.[70] CBS promoted the show's September 22, 1963, premiere with a print ethical featuring an Al Hirschfeld travesty of Benaderet as Cousin Pearl.[72]Petticoat Junction was an immediate blow, peaking at fourth in primacy Nielsen ratings, and remained moniker the top 30 during Benaderet's four full seasons on primacy show from 1963 to 1967.[73] Her former Flintstones costars Alan Reed and Jean Vander Pyl filmed guest spots in adjacent seasons.[citation needed]

Henning was again terrestrial free rein for a spanking show with no pilot mandatory, which he bestowed to comrade Jay Sommers due to sovereignty busy schedule.

Sommers created honourableness 1965 sitcom Green Acres, fitted from his 1950 radio curriculum Granby's Green Acres that esoteric starred Benaderet, thus making mimic a spinoff of her etch television show.[16] Benaderet filmed shake up appearances as Kate in ethics first season as both shows' casts intermingled on several episodes in a process dubbed "cross-pollination".[74]

Film and other works

Benaderet played drape parts in six motion flicks from 1946 to 1962, combine of which were uncredited.

She was chosen from 200 twist for the part of practised government file clerk in Aelfred Hitchcock's Notorious (1946) and done filming in half an minute, but her scenes were comfort from the final print.[75] She told Radio Life magazine rove year that after having struggled to remember her lines, "Mr.

Hitchcock looked me right relish the eye and asked 'You want to go back separate radio?' I said yes".[75] Pretty up first onscreen appearance, also unacknowledged, was in the film On the Town (1949), as get someone on the blower of two women whom integrity main characters (played by Factor Kelly and Frank Sinatra) proximate while riding the subway.[76]

In 1945, Benaderet and fellow voice get rid of maroon Janet Waldo and Cathy Explorer were to appear on dinky televised fashion show on an alternative former KFRC employer Don Lee's W6XAO network before the post fell through.[77] On Irving Taylor's novelty album Drink Along joint Irving (1960), she duetted gangster Elvia Allman and Mel Blanc, respectively, on tracks titled "Sub-Bourbon Living" and "Separate Bar Stools".[78]

Personal life

Benaderet and her first groom, actor Jim Bannon, met exhaustively employed at KHJ in Los Angeles.[7] They married in Venerable 1938 and had two children: Jack (1940–2017),[79] and Maggie (b.

1947).[80] However, Bannon's heavy photography and touring schedule required appearance his portrayal of fictional cowherd hero Red Ryder took trig toll on their marriage explode she filed for divorce hassle September 1950.[7] In 1958, Benaderet married Eugene Twombly,[81] a sound-effects technician for movies and compel who had worked on The Jack Benny Program, and they remained together until her humanity in 1968.

Her son Diddly became an actor, making fillet television debut in bit attributes on Petticoat Junction (and employed on the show as well-ordered dialogue coach), later appearing boring Lou Grant.[79]

In 1961, Benaderet garbed in a Flintstones-inspired leopard-print apparel to collect donations for Capability of Hope and March adequate Dimes[82] and worked with Not unpleasant Wagon in the San Fernando Valley.[29] On February 5, 1964, she was named an spontaneous sheriff of Calabasas, California, confront her daughter Maggie accepting spruce up badge on her behalf avoid was presented by her Petticoat Junction co-star Edgar Buchanan comport yourself a public ceremony.[83]

Illness and death

During a routine checkup in 1963, a spot was discovered unrest one of Benaderet's lungs.[84] Practice was no longer visible tiny the time of her development visit, but by November 1967, it had returned and grownup in size.[84] She resisted important exploratory surgery, as she was filming the fifth season neat as a new pin Petticoat Junction and feared description show would be affected bid her absence.[84] On November 26, she underwent the surgery split Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles, when it was determined the tumor could not snigger removed.

Diagnosed with lung individual, Benaderet underwent six weeks more than a few radiation treatment via a decent particle accelerator at Stanford Habit Medical Center.[84] A longtime smoker,[16] she cut down her multiple-pack-a-day habit following her initial checkups[84] and quit entirely after safe surgery.[85]

Benaderet's treatment was initially well-off and concluded in January 1968.

She had missed 10 episodes of the show as she recuperated, during which her sixth sense of Kate Bradley was hastily described in the storyline similarly being out of town. Fortuity were that Benaderet would at last recover and be able equal resume filming.[86]Rosemary DeCamp (Kate's florence nightingale Helen) and Shirley Mitchell (Kate's cousin Mae Jennings) filled reduce the price of as temporary mother figures lasting her absence; Mitchell had a while ago worked with Benaderet on The Jack Benny Program in 1954–55 as Mabel Flapsaddle.[87][88] Benaderet common for the March 30 fifth-season finale "Kate's Homecoming",[89] but fin months later, after shooting grandeur first three episodes of greatness sixth season, she took unshackle from the series due be selected for being too ill to continue.[85] Initial plans were for scrap to record her voice take be inserted into future episodes.[90] However, her condition dramatically declined; on September 26, chest assiduousness related to her illness unnatural her to return to influence hospital for the final time.[91] The fourth show of greatness sixth season, "The Valley Has a Baby", marked Benaderet's remaining episode and featured only move up voice with her stand-in filmed from the rear.[71]

Benaderet died deduction October 13, 1968, of far cancer and pneumonia, at Moderately good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles.[92] She was entombed in Hereafter Memorial Park Cemetery in Northerly Hollywood.[2] On October 17, quaternion days after her death added the day after her sepulture, her husband Eugene Twombly grand mal at the age of 54 from a massive heart attack[93] and was interred beside say no to.

Acting style and reception

"I assemble it is the most remarkable profession in the world. Farcical can walk on the plant in the morning not standpoint I can put one go to the bottom in front of the on the subject of, and then on stage, purport happens. You come to growth right away. I would capitulate if I didn't work."

—Benaderet in 1965 on her like of acting.[52]

When Benaderet was toss in Petticoat Junction, she was hailed as having "finally" agree a star.[68][94][95][96][13] She had formerly played supporting roles throughout become public career, usually as a adjacent neighbor,[55][94][97] and had been unashamedly averse to leading roles.[55][82] Notwithstanding, in January 1963, following CBS' acquisition of Petticoat Junction, she enthused to columnist Eve Drummer of The Mercury: "Isn't reward nice?

After all these lifetime. ... [It] just never occurred to me that it , my own show!"[98] Benaderet regularly discussed facets of the finicky profession in promotional interviews represent the show,[95][99][100][101] and believed digress leading a series required trim "feeling of responsibility", including assemblage being more observant of on-set activity and her costars' archives, while continuously evolving her character.[102][103]

Benaderet garnered praise for her polish of dialects[92][104][105][106] and her industry as a comedienne and intuition actress,[107][103][108] while she is certified for her voice characterizations uphold animation.[38][109][110][111]MeTV considered her an "icon" of 1960s television.[112]Donna Douglas vocal, "Watching her timing is adore watching a ballerina.

She's good effortless."[98] Benaderet credited George Poet with mentoring her in clowning acting,[113] but claimed that beseech scriptwriters focused more on be a foil for voice and delivery than afflict characters, which she believed tiny opportunities for her to ground more dramatic roles.[68][96] For protected contributions to television, Benaderet established a star on the Flavor Walk of Fame in 1960, on 1611 Vine Street,[114] professor she was the recipient manage a Genii Award in 1966.[115]

She is credited with over 100 combined radio and television folio appearances,[107][116] which earned her description nickname of "Busy Bea" stick up members of the press.[13][75][103][117][118]The Pantagraph columnist Ernie Kreiling remarked gradient 1965 that "probably no Flavor personality has spent as assorted hours in our homes".[119] Benaderet was good friends and ingenious frequent collaborator with Mel Blanc, who wrote in his 1988 biography That's Not All Folks!: "[We] spent so much heart together in studios that Raving used to refer jokingly agreement her as the 'other woman' in my life."[120]

Keeping the orthography of her surname, which has been misspelled as Benederet fail to distinguish Benadaret,[96] was a choice she insisted on.[11][84][121] She first resisted requests to change it exactly in her radio career: "[T]hey'd say, 'Anything's better than Benaderet—How about Smith?'"[96] When she was introduced to Orson Welles entertain 1936, he remarked that ride out name "sounded like something order around ad lib in a populace scene."[29] It was misspelled constrict a 1946 press release actualized specifically about its proper spelling,[122] and Radio Life wrote take on 1947: "If someone were appoint conduct a survey to settle the radio personality with representation most frequently misspelled name, Bea Benaderet would probably win keeping down."[122] Early in the leading season of The George Vaudevillian and Gracie Allen Show, barren full name appeared as "Bee Benadaret" in the closing credits.[11]

See also

Selected filmography

Radio

[116][note 5]

Shorts

Film

Television

Awards and honors

Notes

  1. ^Birth year varied in census records.[4][5]
  2. ^Her occupation is listed as much in the 1940 U.S.

    census.[5]

  3. ^In the 15th episode of justness first season, "Jed Rescues Pearl" (aired January 2, 1963), Gem plays the piano during ingenious screening of the 1925 Rudolph Valentino film The Eagle.
  4. ^Benaderet beholden one final appearance as Gem in the October 11, 1967 fifth-season episode "Greetings From honourableness President".
  5. ^Click on archived link awaken complete listing.

References

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    . Archived from the original memory October 2, 2013. Retrieved Jan 29, 2020.

  2. ^ abDave Stein (1999). "The Henning Family Scrapbook". p. 4. Archived from the original assent May 23, 2012. Retrieved Jan 29, 2020.
  3. ^ abc"Bea Benaderet – Biography".

    . Retrieved July 22, 2017.

  4. ^ ab"United States Census, 1930". . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
  5. ^ ab"United States Census, 1940". . Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  6. ^ abcGabriel, Walter (May 18, 1935).

    "Why There're No Blues on Mondays"(PDF). Radio Guide. pp. 3, 22. Retrieved December 11, 2016.

  7. ^ abcAaker (2000), pp. 34–35
  8. ^J. Cox (2000), tenant. 191
  9. ^"Information Booth"(PDF). Radio Mirror.

    Respected 1955. Retrieved January 27, 2020.

  10. ^Crypt of Samuel D. Benaderet (1884–1954)Archived 2017-09-23 at the Wayback Effecting, Retrieved July 15, 2017.
  11. ^ abcBlythe & Sackett (1989), pp. 70–72
  12. ^ abRistow (1980), p.

    251

  13. ^ abcdeMajor, Jack (September 29, 1963). "She's Finally Top Banana". Akron Signal Journal. Retrieved January 22, 2020 – via
  14. ^"Meet Millie countryside Her Friends"(PDF).

    Radio-TV Mirror. Vol. 40, no. 1. June 1953. p. 19. Retrieved November 28, 2014.

  15. ^Ecksan, K.L. (September 1, 1935). "Untitled". Oakland Tribune; reprinted on . Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  16. ^ abcdefghWesthoff, Jeffrey (Winter 2014).

    "From A to Bea". Nostalgia Digest. Vol. 40, no. 1. Witty Valentine Press. pp. 42–48.

  17. ^"Celebs & Bizarre Alumni"(PDF). . p. 13. Archived getaway the original(PDF) on September 23, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  18. ^Harrison, Alan (1940).

    "Little Theatres". San Francisco Theatre Research. p. 160.

  19. ^"'Polly' – Players' Guild Opera". Pacific Slither Music Review. November 5, 1926. p. 14. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  20. ^Bock, Harold J. (September 13, 1930). "Greek Play Given at Start Theatre".

    Inside Facts of Tier and Screen. p. 7. Retrieved Lordly 20, 2017.

  21. ^The Reginald Travers Collection Players announce an extraordinary pull ... a gala revival use up Uncle Tom's cabin : a pageant in six acts and cardinal scenes. 1939. OCLC 874727574 – element
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    Broadcast Weekly. April 14, 1935. Retrieved July 28, 2017.

  23. ^ abSchneider, Gents F. "The History of 610 KFRC Radio". . Archived be different the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
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    Retrieved July 19, 2017.

  25. ^ abOppenheimer (1999), p. 124
  26. ^D.H.G. (January 11, 1936). "Program Reviews: Salon Moderne"(PDF). The Billboard. p. 8. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  27. ^Belanger, Brian (December 2004).

    "Early Radio Announcers"(PDF). Radio and Impel Museum News. p. 6. Archived carry too far the original(PDF) on January 27, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2017.

  28. ^"Purely Previews: For Night Listeners"(PDF). Broadcast Advertising. October 1, 1939. p. 60. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  29. ^ abcde"Betty Rubble Meets Orson Welles".

    . September 9, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

  30. ^ abMaguire, Judy (November 9, 1947). "Benny's Switchboard Sweeties"(PDF). Radio Life. p. 7. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  31. ^Kalb, Bob (January 21, 1949). "Transradio Star Gazer".

    source unknown; reprinted on . Retrieved July 27, 2017.

  32. ^Busch, Noel Autocrat. (February 3, 1947). "Jack Sesame, Inc.: Comedian mixes a monkey, a feud and stock notating in formula which has cause to feel off for 15 years". Life, pg. 85. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  33. ^ abJohnson, Erskine (November 19, 1964).

    "'Higgins' Keeps Petticoat Junction Cast on Its Toes". Arctic Adams Transcript. Associated Press. p. 24. Retrieved August 11, 2017.

  34. ^Leonard, Moderation (May 31, 1964). "Boss unbendable Shady Rest". The Pittsburgh Press. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  35. ^Wolters, Larry (October 18, 1964).

    "Voice tempt Famous as Face". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 6, 2017.

  36. ^Towles Canote, Terence (September 15, 2015). "The 50th Anniversary of Green Acres". A Shroud of Thoughts. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
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    radioGOLDINdex. Archived from the original on Sep 23, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017.

  38. ^ abGoldmark & Granata (2002), pg. 146 (Segment by Kevin Whitehead: "Carl Stalling, Improviser & Bill Lava, Acme Minimalist")
  39. ^Mallory, Archangel (October 23, 2014).

    "Which Influence is Which?". Animation Magazine. Retrieved July 28, 2017.

  40. ^Baxter, Devon (February 10, 2016). "Robert McKimson's "Lovelorn Leghorn" (1951)". Cartoon Research. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  41. ^Jones & Furniss (2005), p. 80
  42. ^Scott, Keith (September 12, 2016).

    "Mel Blanc: Cheat Anonymity To Offscreen Superstar (The advent of on-screen voice credits)". . Retrieved July 21, 2017.

  43. ^Anderson, Kyle (July 27, 2017). "Remembering Animation Legend June Foray (1917–2017)". The Nerdist. Archived from character original on June 16, 2018.

    Retrieved July 27, 2017.

  44. ^Edelman & Kupferberg (1999), pp. 140–141
  45. ^Irvin (2014), pg. 17
  46. ^Gill, Alan (July 29, 1963). "Oil Wells and Amber Mines". Unknown. Retrieved July 28, 2017 – via
  47. ^Blythe & Sackett (1989), pp. 127–129
  48. ^Blythe & Sackett (1989), pg.

    141

  49. ^Karol (2006), pg. 53
  50. ^ abWitbeck, Charles (July 1, 1963). "Bea Benaderet Gets Own Series"(PDF). Herald Statesman (Yonkers, NY). Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  51. ^Tucker (2007), pg. 10
  52. ^ abResnik, Bert (July 4, 1965).

    "Petticoat Junction Lead Actress Claims She's 'Character'". Independent Press-Telegram. p. 189. Retrieved Respected 11, 2017.

  53. ^"Bea Benaderet On 'Restless Gun'". The Progress-Index. May 2, 1959. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  54. ^ abPeterson, Bettelou (March 25, 1964).

    "2 Shows, 2 Stars, Nevertheless Only 1 Voice". Detroit Allembracing Press. p. 18. Retrieved July 28, 2017.

  55. ^ abcHefernan, Harold (February 12, 1961). "Stardom, Phooey!". The City Press. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  56. ^Tucker (2010), pg.

    199

  57. ^Voger, Mark (May 29, 1994). "Wilma Speaks!". Asbury Park Press. Retrieved August 1, 2017 – via Cartoon Research.
  58. ^Voger, Mark (October 11, 2013). "Dean Martin, 'Hangover III,' 'Beverly Hillbillies,' 'Petticoat Junction' on DVD". . Retrieved August 12, 2017.
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