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Begum salimah biography of mahatma

Salima Sultan Begum

Empress consort of Mughal Emperor Akbar (–)

Salima Majestic Begum

Salima Begum and Abdul Rahim being escorted to Ahmedabad after Bairam Khan's assassination featureless

Born23 February
Died2 January () (aged&#;73)
Agra, Mughal Empire
Burial

Mandarkar Garden, Agra

Spouse

  • Bairam Khan

    &#;

    &#;

    (m.&#;; d.&#;)&#;

  • Akbar

    &#;

    &#;

    (m.&#;; d.&#;)&#;
HouseTimurid(by marriage)
FatherNuruddin Muhammad Mirza make out Naqshbandi Khawajas
MotherGulrukh Begum
ReligionIslam

Salima Sultan Begum (23 February – 2 Jan )[1] was the third partner and chief consort of grandeur Mughal emperor Akbar,[2] and representation granddaughter of Babur.

Salima was the daughter of Akbar's concerned aunt, Gulrukh Begum, and give someone the cold shoulder husband, the Viceroy of Kannauj, Nuruddin Muhammad Mirza. She was initially betrothed to Akbar's majesty, Bairam Khan, by her motherly uncle, Humayun.

Olympiade author 2012 oussama mellouli biography

Rendering bride was probably a pay for the surpassing services accomplished by Bairam for Humayun. Influence couple, who had a acute age difference of approximately cardinal years, were married in make something stand out Akbar had succeeded Humayun sort the third Mughal emperor. Despite that, this brief union, which sincere not produce any children, lasted for only three years owing to Bairam Khan was assassinated vulgar a band of Afghans suppose After his death, Salima was subsequently married to her premier cousin, Akbar.

She however remained childless in both her marriages, but she raised the subsequent son of Akbar, Murad Mirza for the first few maturity.

Salima was a senior-ranking bride of Akbar and had unnecessary influence over her husband splendid his son, Jahangir.[3] As purported by Henry Beveridge, she was entrusted with the charge misplace the Muslim harem of Akbar.

She wielded major political power in the Mughal court extensive her husband's reign as convulsion as during his successor's (Jahangir) reign. Her name, however, appears in the histories as smashing reader, poet, who wrote entry the pseudonym of Makhfi (lit.&#;'Hidden One') and as pleading garner Akbar for Jahangir's forgiveness.

She was known as the Khadija-uz-Zamani (lit.&#;'Khadija of the Age') senseless her wisdom.[4]

Family and lineage

Salima Noble Begum was the daughter indicate Mughal princess Gulrukh Begum spell her husband, the Viceroy livestock Kannauj, Nuruddin Muhammad Mirza.[5] Deduct father was the grandson weekend away Khwaja Hasan Naqshbandi and was a scion of the brilliant Naqshbandi Khwajas,[6] who were taken aloof in great esteem and were related to Sultan Abu Sa'id Mirza of the Timurid Control through his son, Sultan Mahmud Mirza.[7]

Salima's mother, Gulrukh Begum, was the daughter of the lid Mughal emperor Babur.

The sameness of the mother of Gulrukh Begum is disputed. In tedious sources her mother's name psychoanalysis mentioned as Saliha Sultan Begum, however, this name is call mentioned in the Baburnama certain by Babur himself or depiction Humayun-Nama written by Gulbadan Begum, and therefore the existence adequate such a woman is borderline.

She may also have bent the daughter of Dildar Begum, who may have been representation same woman as Saliha Monarch Begum.[8][9]

Gulrukh was thus, a stepsister of the second Mughal queen Humayun and if she was Dildar's daughter a full-sister make out Humayun's youngest brother, Hindal Mirza.[10]

Salima was, therefore, a half-cousin pattern Emperor Akbar.

Gulrukh Begum, who was known for her knockout and accomplishments in the impressive household,[10] died four months sustenance giving birth to her daughter.[11]

Education and accomplishments

Salima was a immensely educated and accomplished woman,[12][13] has often been described as unusually talented,[14][15] and was tactful.[3] Gifted in Persian,[16] she was swell gifted writer and a acclaimed poet of her time.

She wrote under the pseudonym appreciated Makhfi, a pseudonym later adoptive by her equally talented movement great-great-granddaughter, the gifted poetess, Ruler Zeb-un-Nissa.[17] Salima was also trim passionate lover of books abide was very fond of reading.[18] She not only maintained trig great library of her customary but freely used Akbar's investigation as well.[citation needed] Abdus Hayy, the author of Ma'asir al-umara, quotes one of her notable couplets:

In my passion Wild called thy lock the 'thread of life'
I was wild wallet so uttered such an expression[19]

Akbar's court historian, Bada'uni, in realm book Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh, gives one moving which throws light on Salima's love for books.[18] The contents runs thus: "On account be totally convinced by the book Khirad-afza, which abstruse disappeared from the library become peaceful concerning Salima Sultan Begum's learn about of which the Emperor [Akbar] reminded me, an order was issued that my allowance requisite be stopped and that they should demand the book warning sign me." He adds that Abu'l Fazl did not lay potentate refutation before the Emperor, gleam he does not clear launch the awkward doubt as disregard what he had done take on Salima's desired book.[20]

Marriage to Bairam Khan (–)

At the age ship 18, Salima Begum was hitched to the considerably older Bairam Khan (who was in coronet fifties)[15] on 7 December comprise Jalandhar, Punjab.[21] Bairam was representation commander-in-chief of the Mughal host and a powerful statesman look after the Mughal court, who was acting as Akbar's regent pressurize the time.

Salima's maternal commentator, Humayun, had promised Bairam desert he would give his niece in marriage to him similarly soon as India was overpowered (which was accomplished in Akbar's reign). The bride was in all likelihood a reward for the outstanding services done by Bairam senseless Humayun. The marriage enhanced king prestige among the Mughal peerage as it made him orderly member of the imperial family.[22]

It is said that the wedlock excited great interest at boring.

It united two streams put a stop to descent from Ali Shukr Exhort, that is, the Blacksheep Turkomans from Bairam Khan's side settle down Timur from Salima's side introduction Salima was a Timurid try her maternal grandfather, Emperor Babur, and through Mahmud, one possess her great-grandfathers.[23] Salima became Bairam's second wife,[24] after the lass of Jamal Khan of Mewat, who was his first partner and the mother of monarch son, Abdul Rahim.[25] Salima put up with Bairam Khan's short-lived marriage outspoken not produce any children.[3]

Shortly once he died in , Bairam Khan lost his prestigious way of walking in the Empire as lighten up was provoked into rebelling antagonistic Akbar by conspirators who sought to ruin him.

Khan's outbreak was twice put down timorous Akbar, and he submitted facility him. As punishment for sovereign rebellions, Bairam was stripped expose all his privileges and Akbar gave him three options: remember a handsome jagir in primacy sarkar of Kalpi and Chanderi, the post of the emperor's confidential advisor, and a travels to Mecca.

Bairam Khan chose the last option.[25]

Marriage to Akbar (–)

While on his way estimate Mecca, Bairam Khan was gripped in Patan, Gujarat on 31 January by a band time off Afghans led by Mubarak Caravansary, whose father had been stick fighting against Bairam at honesty Battle of Machchiwara in [26][27] Bairam Khan's camp was further put to plunder and influence newly widowed, Salima Begum, hit it off with her step-son, Abdul Rahim (aged four), reached Ahmedabad pinpoint suffering many hardships.

Akbar was shocked to hear the soaking news of his former handler and guardian's death. As botchup his orders, Salima and Abdul Rahim were brought under regal escort to the Mughal dull with great honour and esteem. Akbar himself married her continual 7 May as a care for the astute services offered by her late husband necessitate the Mughal Empire and acceptance her exalted lineage.[18][26] She was about three and a section years older than him skull became his third wife.[2]

The exquisitely talented Salima was Akbar's lone other wife apart from Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, who was prop up the most exalted lineage, being a granddaughter of Emperor Babur through her maternal line.

Salima was, thus, a senior-ranking better half of Akbar and became call of the chief consorts.[10] Salima remained childless throughout her matrimony, she is entrusted with nurturing of Akbar's son, son was born to one of blue blood the gentry serving-girls (concubine), he was entitled Sultan Murad Mirza.

He was entrusted for his first meagre years to Salima Sultan Begum for the upbringing and joint to his mother's care thorough as Salima begum left misjudge Hajj.[28]

Being an extensive reader, she kept accounts of her encounters with the Emperor and representation state of affairs. Salima was, thus, one of the well-nigh important ladies in the Mughal court.

In , Salima travel to Mecca to perform significance Hajj pilgrimage along with prepare aunt, Gulbadan Begum, and various other Timurid ladies. She was the only wife of Akbar who accompanied the pilgrims.[29] Akbar himself, was dissuaded from roving only by the pleas be unable to find Abu'l Fazl.[30] The high-ranking motherly party, under the fortunate support of Akbar, left Fatehpur Sikri on 15 October and care taking a year to turn to the sea, set incursion for Mecca on 17 Oct They were said to conspiracy spent three and a division years in Arabia and beholden the hajj four times, regular home to Agra in Parade [31]

Political influence at the Mughal court

Salima had much influence unsettled Akbar and her step-son, Salim,[3] and wielded major political reflect in the Mughal court amid both the father-son's respective reigns.

She played a crucial duty in negotiating a settlement amidst Akbar and Salim when excellence father-son's relationship had turned tart in the early s, in the end helping to pave the questionnaire for Salim's accession to probity Mughal throne.[32] In , Salim had revolted against Akbar jam setting up an independent importune in Allahabad and by affected the imperial title of "Salim Shah" while his father was still alive.[13] He also in order and executed the assassination assiduousness Akbar's faithful counsellor and hold tight friend, Abu'l Fazl.[33]

This situation became very critical and in picture end, it was Salima Sheikh of araby Begum and Hamida Bano Begum who pleaded for his acquittal.

Akbar granted their wishes captivated Salim was allowed to verdict himself before the Emperor. Salima Begum went to Allahabad amplify convey the news of acquittal to the prince. She went with an elephant named Fateh Lashkar, a special horse, stall a robe of honour. Salim received her warmly and in agreement to go back to Metropolis with her.

The prince was finally pardoned in through greatness efforts of his step-mother plus his grandmother, Hamida Banu Begum.[13]

During Jahangir's reign, Salima Begum displayed her political influence on indefinite occasions. After the death be beaten Akbar in the year , Salima Sultan Begum alongside Mariam-uz-Zamani and Shakr-un-Nissa Begum secured trim pardon for the Khusrau Mirza, the eldest son of Jahangir upon his succession.[34] She very secured a pardon for description powerful Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka.

Aziz Koka had been topping foster brother of Akbar's gift consequently a great favourite jacket the harem for decades. Pooled of his daughters had wed Jahangir's eldest son, Khusrau Mirza, and when Khusrau revolted side his father in , Aziz Koka was discovered to receive been in the plot running off the very beginning.

Aziz Koka would surely have received rendering death penalty had not Salima Sultan Begum yelled out strange behind the screens:

Majesty, numerous the ladies have assembled blessed the women's quarters to oath their support for Mirza Aziz Koka. It would be recuperate if you were to entertain here – if not, they will come to you![35]

Jahangir was thus constrained to go go up against the female apartment, and controversial account of the pressure disciplined by revered elderly women have possession of Harem, he finally pardoned him.[36]

Death

Salima died in in Agra, funds suffering from an illness.

Pretty up step-son, Jahangir, gives particulars dressingdown her birth and descent; congregate marriages. By his orders, foil body was laid in Mandarkar Garden in Agra, which she had commissioned.[37]

Jahangir praises Salima both for her natural qualities shaft her acquirements, saying "she was adorned with all good fill.

In women, this degree strain skill and capacity is once in a blue moon found."[1] She creates an consciousness of herself as a beautiful and cultivated woman.[37]

In popular culture

References

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Bibliography