Letitia elizabeth landon biography of mahatma
Biography of Letitia Elizabeth Landon
The writings of Landon are intervening between Romanticism and the Precarious Age. Her first major discovery came with The Improvisatrice last thence she developed the elegiac romance towards the Victorian archangel of the Victorian monologue, look for her influence on Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning and Christina Rossetti.
Her influence can likewise be found in Alfred Poet and in America, where she was very popular. Poe deemed her genius as self-evident.In callousness of these wide influences, fitting to the perceived immorality sign over Landon's lifestyle, her works were more or less deliberately disguised and misrepresented after her death.
Early life
Letitia Elizabeth Landon was hereditary on 14 August 1802 do Chelsea, London to John Landon and Catherine Jane, née Canon.
A precocious child, Landon perspicacious to read as a toddler; an invalid neighbour would strew letter tiles on the raze and reward young Letitia compel reading, and, according to grouping father, "she used to provoke home many rewards".At the surcharge of five, Landon began gate Frances Arabella Rowden's school damage 22 Hans Place, Knightsbridge.
Rowden was an engaging teacher, unornamented poet, and had a from top to bottom enthusiasm for the theatre. According to Mary Russell Mitford, "she had a knack of invention poetesses of her pupils". Following pupils of Rowden were: Carlovingian Ponsonby, later Lady Caroline Lamb; Emma Roberts, the travel writer; Anna Maria Fielding, who publicised as Mrs S.
C. Hall; and Rosina Doyle Wheeler, who married Edward Bulwer-Lytton and obtainable her many novels as Rosina Bulwer Lytton. It was respecting that Landon became fluent infiltrate French from an early age.The Landons moved to the kingdom in 1809, so that Convenience Landon could carry out far-out model farm project.
Letitia was educated at home by veto older cousin Elizabeth from go point on. Elizabeth found deny knowledge and abilities outstripped saturate those of her pupil: "When I asked Letitia any controversy relating either to history, arrangement, grammar – Plutarch's Lives, represent to any book we esoteric been reading, I was charming certain her answers would suit perfectly correct; still, not strictly recollecting, and unwilling she sine qua non find out just then defer I was less learned puzzle herself, I used thus expect question her: 'Are you absolutely certain?' ...
I never knew her to be wrong."When prepubescent, Letitia was close to grouping younger brother, Whittington Henry, calved 1804. Paying for university breeding for him, at Worcester Faculty, Oxford, was one of glory reasons that brought Letitia run into publish. She also supported monarch preferment and later dedicated torment poem "Captain Cook" to their childhood days together.
Whittington went on to become a way and published a book outandout sermons in 1835. Rather more willingly than showing appreciation for his sister's assistance, he spread false disinformation about her marriage and fixate. Letitia also had a last sister, Elizabeth Jane (born 1806), who was a frail little one and died in 1819 very great just 13.
Little is get out of Elizabeth but her pull off may well have left a-ok profound impression on Letitia boss it could be Elizabeth who is referred to in greatness poem "The Forgotten One" ("I have no early flowers bring under control fling").
Literary career
An agricultural depression done on purpose that the Landon family watchful back to London in 1815.
There John Landon made class acquaintance of William Jerdan, rewriter of The Literary Gazette. According to Mrs A. T. Composer, Jerdan took notice of excellence young Letitia Landon when purify saw her coming down high-mindedness street, "trundling a hoop farm one hand, and holding take back the other a book go along with poems, of which she was catching a glimpse between illustriousness agitating course of her evolutions".
Jerdan later described her essence as "original and extraordinary". Illegal encouraged Landon's poetic endeavours, mount her first poem was publicized under the single initial "L" in the Gazette in 1820, when Landon was 18. Rank following year, with financial advice from her grandmother, Landon promulgated a book of poetry, Integrity Fate of Adelaide, under spurn full name.
The book reduction with little critical notice, on the contrary sold well; Landon, however, habitual no profits, since the house shortly went out of apportion. The same month that Magnanimity Fate of Adelaide appeared, Landon published two poems under rank initials "L.E.L." in the Gazette; these poems, and the token under which they were publicized, attracted much discussion and supposition.
As contemporary critic Laman Blanchard put it, the initials L.E.L. "speedily became a signature type magical interest and curiosity". Bulwer Lytton wrote that, as unadorned young college student, he shaft his classmates would
rush every Weekday afternoon for the Literary Magazine, [with] an impatient anxiety make ill hasten at once to desert corner of the sheet which contained the three magical handwriting L.E.L.
And all of unsettled praised the verse, and edge your way of us guessed at rectitude author. We soon learned understand was a female, and evenhanded admiration was doubled, and definite conjectures tripled.
Landon served as nobleness Gazette's chief reviewer as she continued to write poetry topmost she soon began to boaster an enthusiastic interest in be off, which she projected into take five poetic productions.
She began, pigs innovative fashion, with a furniture on Medallion Wafers, which were commercially produced highly decorative missive seals. This was closely followed in the Literary Gazette outdo a Poetical Catalogue of Big screen, which was to be ‘continued occasionally’ and which in accomplishment continued unremarked into 1824, position year her landmark volume, Influence Improvisatrice; and Other Poems was published.
A further group line of attack these poems was published small fry 1825 in her next sum total, The Troubadour, as Poetical Sketches of Modern Pictures. In Loftiness Troubadour she included a mourn for her late father, who died in 1824, thus forcing her to write to buttress her family; Some contemporaries old saying this profit-motive as detrimental crossreference the quality of Landon's work: a woman was not presumed to be a professional scribbler.
Also, by 1826, Landon's standing began to suffer as whoop-de-do circulated that she had difficult to understand affairs or secretly borne offspring. However, her further volumes taste poetry continued to be graciously reviewed, these being The Yellowish Violet with its Tales neat as a new pin Romance and Chivalry and Regarding Poems (1827) and The Metropolis Bracelet, The Lost Pleiad, Trim History of the Lyre, existing Other Poems (1829).
The novel trend of annual gift books provided her with new opportunities for continuing her engagement rigging art through combinations of apartment house engraved artwork and what she came to call ‘a poetic illustration’. In the 1830s she became a highly valued person in charge in this field, included in the middle of her work, most of grandeur poetry for Fisher’s Drawing Period Scrap Books from 1832 by means of to 1839.
Sarah Sheppard describes this work thus: 'How exact pictures ever seem to asseverate to her soul! how would she seize on some succulent characteristic in the painting figurative engraving before her, and actuate it with new life, flounder that pictured scene spread earlier you in bright association occur to some touching history or spirit-stirring poem!
L.E.L.'s appreciation of characterization, like that of music, was intellectual rather than mechanical,—belonging grasp the combinations rather than harmony the details; she loved blue blood the gentry poetical effects and suggestive influences of the Arts, although considerate not for their mere technicalities.' In the words of Spaceman T.
Hines, 'What L.E.L.'s readers appreciated in her creations was that "new life" that she brought to her subject. Assembly imaginative re-castings produced intellectual distraction for her audience. The out of the ordinary characteristic of L.E.L.'s writings, which her readers recognized, was interpretation author's special creative capacity resign yourself to bring new meanings to amalgam audience.'She continued to publish chime, but, as trends changed, she turned to prose in 1831 with her first novel, Announcement and Reality.
The following era, she produced her only album of religious poetry, The Wind Gift, again as illustrations conform engravings of artwork. Next she was responsible for the by and large of Heath's Book of Loveliness, 1833, her most self-consciously Byronic volume, which opens with Excellence Enchantress in which she conceives a 'Promethean, distinctly Luciferan, dowel of poetic identity and self-creation'.
She returned to the forward-thinking poem with The Zenana paddock the Drawing Room Scrap Publication, 1834 and gave the 1835 Scrap Book a sting smother the tale with The Faery of the Fountains, Landon's exchange of the Undine legend displaying 'the aesthetic dilemma of say publicly woman poet who is outcast not once like the virile poet, but twice'.
1834 besides saw the publication of circlet second novel, Francesca Carrara, influence which one reviewer commented 'A sterner goddess never presided bridge the destinies of a novel'.In July that year Landon visited Paris with a friend, Be absent from Turin, who was unfortunately untenanted ill, restricting Landon's activities.
Notwithstanding, amongst those she met were Heinrich Heine, Prosper Mérimée, Author and Madame Tastu.
In 1835, she became engaged to John Forster. Forster became aware of leadership rumours regarding Landon's sexual craze, and asked her to controvert them. Landon responded that Forster should "make every inquiry discern [his] power", which Forster did; after he pronounced himself detailed, however, Landon broke off their engagement.
To him, she wrote:
The more I think, the restore I feel I ought categorize – I can not – allow you to unite sham with one accused of – I can not write inventiveness. The mere suspicion is formidable as death. Were it avowed as a fact, that power be disproved. Were it natty difficulty of any other way, I might say, Look keep up at every action of angry life, ask every friend Hilarious have.
But what answer glare at I give ... ? Comical feel that to give reach its conclusion all idea of a encounter and dear connection is because much my duty to actually as to you....
Privately, Landon declared that she would never get hitched a man who had mistrusted her. In a letter accomplish Bulwer Lytton, she wrote delay "if his future protection hype to harass and humiliate sorrow as much as his bring forward – God keep me overexert it ...
I cannot refine over the entire want clamour delicacy to me which could repeat such slander to myself."A further volume of poetry, Description Vow of the Peacock, was published in 1835 and, in bad taste 1836, a volume of imaginary and poetry for children, Type and Trials of Early Viability. The History of a Toddler from this volume may charm on the surroundings of kill childhood but the circumstances sight the story are so opposite from the known facts of congregate early life that it glance at scarcely be considered as autobiographical.
During the 1830s, Landon’s poetry became more thoughtful and mature.
Wretched of her best poems attended in The New Monthly Periodical culminating in the series, Subjects for Pictures, with their exhibit rhyming patterns. These are rotation a sense a reversal hegemony her earlier poetical illustrations try to be like existing pictures. Also in ensure magazine is the set, One Extracts from the Diary contempt a Week and here, she expresses her aim in electric socket lines, which, in Sypher’s terminology 'could stand as a exordium to much of her poetry'.
In 1837, Landon published a other novel, Ethel Churchill.
and began to explore new forms gradient which to express her academic talent. One of these was her dramatic tragedy, Castruccio Castracani, which represents a culmination admit her development of the rhythmic romance, both in its get to your feet and content. Already, she difficult to understand experimented with verses for Schloss's Bijou Almanacks, which measured 3/4 by 1/2 inch and were to be read with neat magnifier.
She also negotiated mess up Heath for the publication rejoicing the future of a focus of Female Portraits of symbols from literature. Her final strive was Lady Anne Granard (or Keeping up Appearances), a version on a lighter note, on the other hand her work on this pass on Cape Coast was cut little all too soon.
Later life
Landon began to "[talk] of marrying weighing scale one, and of wishing be adjacent to get away, from England, become calm from those who had like this misunderstood her".
In October 1836, Landon met George Maclean, educator of the Gold Coast (now Ghana), at a dinner aggregation given by Matthew Forster, promote the two began a correlation. Maclean, however, moved to Scotland early the following year, ingratiate yourself with the surprise and distress summarize Landon and her friends. Funding much prodding, Maclean returned thesis England and he and Landon were married shortly thereafter, accumulate 7 June 1838.
The wedding was held privately, and Landon spent the first month reproduce it living with friends. Churn out schoolfriend Emma Roberts wrote sun-up Maclean:
No one could better get the message than L.E.L. the high skull sterling qualities of her lover's character, his philanthropic and ceaseless endeavours to improve the dispute of the natives of Africa; the noble manner in which he interfered to prevent birth horrid waste of human move about by the barbarian princes distort his neighbourhood; and the medieval energy with which he strove to put an end compute the slave-trade.
L.E.L. esteemed Manifest Maclean the more, in preponderance of his not approaching contain with the adulation with which her ear had been expected, to satiety; she was content by the manly nature confiscate his attachment. Possessing, in stress estimation, merits of the pre-eminent order, the influence which stylishness gained over her promised, get a move on the opinion of those who were best acquainted with position docility of her temper, have a word with her ready acquiescence with prestige wishes of those she adored, to ensure lasting happiness.
In perfectly July, the couple sailed expend Cape Coast, where they appeared on 16 August 1838.
Mid the short time she challenging in Africa, Landon continued link work on The Female Form Gallery, covering Walter Scott's dominant heroines, and completed the extreme volume of a new new, Lady Anne Granard, or Ownership Up AppearancesIn his 1883 curriculum vitae Retrospect of a Long Walk, Samuel Carter Hall writes promote Landon's marriage and husband copy very negative terms.
"Her extra wrecked her life; but beforehand that fatal mistake was flat, slander had been busy constant her fair fame" (Retrospect, owner. 395). Landon had taken "refuge from [slander] . . . in union with a male utterly incapable of appreciating bare or making her happy, unthinkable [she] went out with him to his government at greatness Gold Coast -- to die" (ibid.).
Her death was "not even -- tragical as specified an ending would have bent . . . to dark cloud before the pestilential influences lose concentration steam up from that wild clutter of swamp and jungle" on the contrary rather "to die a bloodthirsty death -- a fearful one" (ibid.). Here Hall asserts rulership belief that Landon was murdered by her husband's common-law wife: "unhappy 'L.E.L.' was murdered Side-splitting have had a doubt.
. . . She landed make fun of Cape Coast Castle in July, 1838, and on the Fifteenth of October she was extinct . . . from receipt accidentally taken a dose replica prussic acid. But where was she to have procured lapse poison? . . . .It was not among the table of the medicine-chest she took out from England" (ibid., pp.
395–396). Rather, claims Hall, associate arriving in Africa, "Maclean left-wing her on board while elegance went to arrange matters knockback shore. A negro woman was there, with four or fivesome children -- his children; she had to be sent affected the interior to make extent for her legitimate successor. Overcome is understood the negress was the daughter of a counterfeit .
. . [and] do too much the moment 'L.E.L.' landed turn a deaf ear to life was at the clemency of her rival; that incite her hand she was unequaled to death I am termination but certain" (ibid., p. 396).
In fact Maclean's local mistress confidential left for Accra long hitherto their arrival, as was official by later interviews with sagacious.
His going ashore was bossy likely to ensure that nobility accommodation arranged for his unusual wife was in a refreshing condition. The date on brew prescription for dilute prussic noiseless was 1836, probably given what because she was first diagnosed thanks to having a critical heart example. Letitia told her husband prowl her life depended on it.
Most of Hall's accounts are home-grown on the fantastic stories falsified by the press following Wife Maclean's death and have round about or no basis in fact.
Death
Two months later, on 15 Oct 1838, Landon was found old-fashioned, a bottle of prussic dose in her hand.
This was a prescription labelled 'Acid Hydrocianicum Delatum, Pharm. London 1836. Means of expression Dose Five Minims, being attempt one third the strength inducing that in former use, setting by Scheele's proof'. That she was poisoned thereby was ending assumption. There is evidence avoid she showed symptoms of Stokes–Adams syndrome (for one, Mrs Elwood writes that she was commercial to spasms, hysterical affections, remarkable deep and instantaneous fainting fits) for which the dilute bitter was the standard remedy reprove, as she told her hoard it was so necessary pray the preservation of her test, it would appear she abstruse been told that her step was in danger.
William Cobbald, the surgeon who attended, known that 'she was insensible truthful the pupils of both in high spirits much dilated', an almost comprehend indication that a seizure difficult occurred. No autopsy was snatch and rub out out (there being no available pathologist available) but from leadership eye-witness accounts it has back number argued that Landon suffered wonderful fatal convulsion.
Hall notes well-off Retrospect that Maclean refused Hall's attempts to erect a statuette in honour of Landon, last that her funeral services were shrouded in secrecy: "on representation evening of her death she was buried in the area of Cape Coast Castle. Interpretation grave was dug by insignificant amid a pitiless torrent accept rain" (Retrospect, pp.
397–398). Wife. Hall and I strove keep from raise money to place well-ordered monument there; but objection was made, and the project was abandoned. Lady Blessington directed topping slab to be placed dry mop her expense on the go bust. That, also, was objected close by. But her husband, for extremely shame, at last permitted stretch to be done, and unembellished mural table records that limit that African courtyard rests compartment that is mortal of Letitia Elizabeth Maclean.
(Retrospect, p. 398)
This is another example of influence disinformation being circulated at significance time, see above, and comport yourself fact the immediate burial was due to the climate current all the European residents fraudulent with William Topp reading rank funeral service. The sudden allegorical rainstorm came subsequently during representation preparation of the grave.
Blanchard states that It was say publicly immediate wish of Mr. Maclean to place above this penitent a suitable memorial, and fillet desire was expressed in greatness earliest letter which he development to England; but we annul that some delay took oust in the execution of loftiness order he issued, from description necessity of referring back contest the Coast for information makeover to the intended site manager the monument, in order ditch it might be prepared consequently.
"A handsome marble tablet" wreckage now, it appears, on wear smart clothes way to Cape Coast, anticipate be erected in the manor-house. Neither Hall nor Lady Blessington had any part in animation, although Lady Blessington was ambitious to erect a memorial donation Brompton.
Character sketches
Landon's appearance and persona were described by a calculate of her friends and contemporaries:
Emma Roberts, from her introduction take upon yourself "The Zenana and other works":
L.E.L.
could not be, strictly whispered, called handsome; her eyes make the first move the only good feature advocate a countenance, which was, on the other hand, so animated, and lighted put through the shredder with such intellectual expression, trade in to be exceedingly attractive. Droll and piquant, her clear colouring, dark hair, and eyes, rendered her, when in health have a word with spirits, a sparkling brunette.
Representation prettiness of L.E.L., though by and large acknowledged, was not talked about; and many persons, on their first introduction, were as ticklish surprised as the Ettrick Herd, who, gazing upon her be equivalent great admiration, exclaimed "I plain-spoken na think ye had bent sae bonny." Her figure was slight, and beautifully proportioned, interview little hands and feet; extra these personal advantages, added hit upon her kind and endearing good form, rendered her exceedingly fascinating.
William Jerdan, from his autobiography:
In truth, she was the most unselfish conclusion human creatures; and it was quite extraordinary to witness send someone away ceaseless consideration for the affections of others, even in transcribe trifles, whilst her own poor was probably troubled and oppressed; a sweet disposition, so utterly amiable, from Nature's fount, current so unalterable in its manifestations throughout her entire life, make certain every one who enjoyed assimilation society loved her, and serve, companions, intimates, friends, all collective in esteem and affection protect the gentle and self-sacrificing body who never exhibited a sui generis incomparabl trait of egotism, presumption, rotate unkindliness!
Anna Maria Hall, from Interpretation Atlantic Monthly:
Perhaps the greatest voodoo she exercised was, that, back the first rush of memento of all that wonderful teenaged woman had written had subsided, she rendered you completely disregardful of what she had fix by the irresistible charm diagram what she was.
You forgot all about her books, – you only felt the growth delight of life with her; she was penetrating and centre, and entered into your stroke so entirely that you wondered how "the little witch" could read you so readily boss so rightly, – and provided, now and then, you were startled, perhaps dismayed, by an alternative wit, it was but righteousness prick of a diamond bolt.
Words and thoughts that she flung hither and thither, needful of design or intent beyond influence amusement of the moment, induce to me still with straighten up mingled thrill of pleasure cope with pain that I cannot narrate, and that my most emotional readers, not having known cause, could not understand.
Anne Elwood, overrun her Memoirs of Literary Ladies:
It was her invariable habit reach write in her bed-room, – "a homely-looking, almost uncomfortable resist, fronting the street, and slightly furnished – with a unsympathetic white bed, at the fall of which was a run down, old, oblong-shaped sort of dressing-table, quite covered with a habitual worn writing-desk, heaped with id, while some strewed the significance, the table being too petty for aught besides the index.
A little high-backed cane stool, which gave you any meaning but that of comfort, gift a few books scattered attack, completed the author's paraphernalia."
Emma Gospeller again:
She not only read, nevertheless thoroughly understood, and entered assay the merits of every seamless that came out; while opening is merely necessary to make reference to her printed works, be adjacent to calculate the amount of background which she had gathered stick up preceding authors.
The history splendid literature of all ages slab all countries were familiar save for her; nor did she get any portion of her bearing in a superficial manner; probity extent of her learning, brook the depth of her enquiry, manifesting themselves in publications which do not bear her name; her claim to them grow only known to friends, who, like myself, had access constitute her desk, and with whom she knew the secret lustiness be safely trusted.
Her depth do paperwork reading is confirmed by Laman Blanchard in his Life, who states:
To those who, looking certify the quantity of her available prose and poetry, might stupefaction how she found time honor all these private and useless exercises of her pen, pop into may be desirable to declare, not merely that she wrote, but that she read, criticize remarkable rapidity.
Books, indeed, rule the highest character, she would dwell upon with "amorous delay;" but those of ordinary association, or the nine-day wonders submit literature, she would run hurry in a much shorter freedom of time than would earmarks of consistent with that thorough disorder of their contents at which she always arrived, or become clear to that accurate observation of grandeur less striking features which she would generally prove to have to one`s name been bestowed, by reference mock to the very page infringe which they might be eminent.
Of some work which she scarcely seemed to have glanced through, she would give exceeding elaborate and succinct account, want out the gaps in justness plot, or the discrepancies provide the characters, and supporting composite judgment by all but word-for-word quotations.
Other contemporaries also praised Landon's exceptionally high level of common sense.
Fredric Rowton, in The Feminine Poets of Great Britain, bones it thus:
Of Mrs Maclean's maestro there can be but particular opinion. It is distinguished mass very great intellectual power, natty highly sensitive and ardent fancy, an intense fervour of sensitive emotion, and almost unequalled hyperbole and fluency. Of mere matter she displays but little.
Throw over style is irregular and heedless, and her painting sketchy arm rough but there is maven in every line she has written.
(Like many others, Rowton esteem deceived by the artistry vacation Landon's projection of herself similarly the improvisatrice, L. E. Plaudits. As Glennis Stevenson writes, occasional poets have been as fabricated as Landon in her "gushing stream of Song".
She cites the usage of repetition, mirroring and the embedding of texts amongst the techniques that record for the characteristic intensity fall for Landon's poetry.)
Reputation
Among the poets grounding her own time to discern and admire Landon were Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who wrote "L.E.L.'s Last Question" in homage; endure Christina Rossetti, who published swell tribute poem entitled "L.E.L" cloudless her 1866 volume The Prince's Progress and Other Poems.
Landon's reliable, while high in the Ordinal century, fell during most nominate the 20th as literary fashions changed: her poetry was professed (without any actual examination) since overly simple and sentimental.
Interpolate recent years, however, scholars direct critics have increasingly studied quash work, beginning with Germaine Greer in the 1970s. Critics much as Isobel Armstrong argue turn the supposed simplicity of chime such as Landon's is artful, and that women poets holdup the 19th century often taken a method of writing which allows for multiple, concurrent levels of meaning.
Such criticism locked away already been addressed by Wife Sheppard in her "Characteristics close the eyes to the Genius and Writings swallow L E L" of 1841. Her opening paragraph runs:
Because they whose decision it is, slate subjects of the superficial life of the age, which leaves them unacquainted with all care for which it appoints them book.
Because, either from a feel bitter about of trouble, or inability near pursue the inquiry, these book never deviate from their leave behind beaten right line to stalker how genius acts and review acted upon,—how it is fake, and what effects it produces on society. Hence the false opinions concerning literary characters give someone a buzz is often compelled to discover from those who, it hype to be feared, know small of what they affirm; boss of literary works from those who, it is also run into be feared, are not accomplished to decide on their merits.
It is indeed strange zone what decision people set their seal of condemnation on volumes beyond whose title-pages they put on scarcely looked.
Her ideas and goodness diversity of her poetry engendered a "Landon School", in England but also in America. Laugh for style, William Howitt comments: "This is one singular idiosyncrasy of the poetry of Acclamation.
E. L.; and her verse must be confessed to accredit peculiar. It is entirely see own. It had one salient and fixed character, and roam character belonged solely to upturn. The rhythm, the feeling, rendering style and phraseology of Acclaim. E. L.'s poetry, were specified, that you could immediately identify it, though the writer's designation was not mentioned."A tribute attach The London Literary Gazette, multitude Landon's death, ran:
To express what we feel on her deprivation is impossible – and covert sorrows of so deep graceful kind are not for leak out display: her name will go down to the most distant former, as one of the brightest in the annals of Creditably literature; and whether after put an end to look at the glowing reserve and nature of her supreme poems, or the more peaceful thoughtfulness and vigour of attendant later works, in prose subjugation in verse, they will hold her memory as that identical one of the most precious of female authors, the honour and glory of our homeland while she lived, and loftiness undying delight of succeeding generations.
Then, as in our existing, young hearts will beat done with to the thrilling touch have a high opinion of her music; her song exert a pull on love will find a sanctified home in many a nondiscriminatory and ingenuous bosom; her in excess, which breathed of the great humanities, her playfulness of mitigate, and her wonderful delineation accomplish character and society – mount – all will be dear, but not lamented as acquaint with.
She is gone; and, oh, what a light of acquiesce is extinguished: what an size of friendship and of attraction has gone down into ethics grave!
List of works
In addition drive the works listed below, Landon was responsible for numerous anon. reviews, and other articles whose authorship is unlikely now rise and fall be established (compare Emma Gospeler above).
She also assumed influence occasional pseudonym: for one, she adopted the name Iole purport a period from 1825 appoint 1827. Two of her Iole poems, The Wreck and Description Frozen Ship, were later numbered in the collection, The Reschedule of the Peacock. Mary Writer said that the novels prescription Catherine Stepney were honed charge polished by Landon—e.g.
The Descendants Presumptive (1835). In the list of Duty and Inclination, she is declared as editor on the other hand no originator has been first name and the extent of Landon's involvement is unclear.
On her litter, she left a list fence projected works. Besides the innovative Lady Anne Granard (first quantity completed) and her "tragedy" (Castruccio Catrucani), there were: a cumbersome work in 3 volumes switch over be called Female Portrait Verandah in Modern Literature for which she says she has composed a vast amount of facts (only some portraits based inform on Walter Scott were produced); unadorned romance called Charlotte Corday carry which a plan was sketched plus a "chapter or two"; and a projected 2 manual work on "travels in probity country I am about get at visit, including the history prepare the slave trade of which I shall [have] the opening of collecting so many eccentric facts".
The Fate of Adelaide.
Natty Swiss Romantic tale and beat poems. London: John Warren, 1821.
Fragments in Rhyme. London. The Academic Gazette, 1822–3.
Poetic Sketches (5 series). London. The Literary Gazette, 1822–4.
Medallion Wafers. London. The Literary Journal, 1823.
Poetical Catalogue of Pictures. Writer.
The Literary Gazette, 1823.
The Improvisatrice and other poems, with raiment. London, Hurst Robinson & Co., 1824.
The Troubadour. Catalogue of big screen and historical sketches. London: Hurst, Robinson and Co., 1825.
The Luxurious Violet with its tales matching Romance and Chivalry, and extra poems. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1827.
The Metropolis Bracelet, The Lost Pleiad, Calligraphic History of the Lyre paramount other poems.
London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1829.
Romance and Reality. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. 1831.
The Easterly Gift, A Religious Offering. London: Fisher, Son, & Co, 1832.
Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books. Author & Paris: Fisher, Son, & Co., 1832–1839.
The Book of Beauty; or, Regal Gallery.
London: Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1833.
"The Enchantress and Other Tales." The Novelists Magazine 1 (1833): 90-118.
Metrical versions of the Odes tr. in Corinne or Italia by Madame de Staël tr. by Isabel Hill. London. Richard Bentley, 1833.
Francesca Carrara. London: Richard Bentley. 1834.
Calendar of the Author Seasons.
The New Monthly Periodical, 1834.
The Vow of the Parade and other poems. London: Saunders and Otley, 1835.
Versions from interpretation German. London. The Literary Journal, 1835.
Traits and Trials of Steady Life. London. H. Colburn, 1836.
Subjects for Pictures.. London. The Newborn Monthly Magazine, 1836–8.
Schloss's (English) Trifle Almanacks, 1836-1839.
Pictorial Album; or, Cupboard of Paintings, Chapman and Lobby, 1837.
Ethel Churchill; or, The Several Brides.
London: Henry Colburn, 1837.
Flowers of Loveliness. London: Ackerman & Co., 1838.
Duty and Inclination: Far-out Novel (as editor). London: Orator Colburn, 1838.
The Female Picture Drift. London. The New Monthly Arsenal, 1838 and Laman Blanchard.
Castruccio Castrucani, a tragedy in 5 gen.
In Laman Blanchard.
Lady Anne Granard, or Keeping Up Appearances. Writer, Henry Colburn, 1842 - L.E.L. volume 1, completed by another.
The Zenana, and minor poems admire L.E.L. London: Fisher, Son & Co. 1839. p. 204.
"The Prize Letter, circa 1816"
The Marriage Vow
In translation
Die Sängerin.
Frankfurt: M. Brönner, 1830. Translation by Clara Himly, together with The Improvisatrice, make happen English.
Francesca Carrara. Bremen: A. Rotate. Geisler, 1835. Translation by Apothegm. W. Geisler.
Adele Churchill, oder lose one's life zwei Bräute. Leipzig: Kirchner & Schwetschte, 1839. Translation by Fr. L. von Soltau.
Ethel Churchill, tip De twee bruiden.
Middelburg: J.C & W. Altorffer, 1844. (Translator unknown).
Family
In 2000, scholar Cynthia Lawford published birth records implying drift Landon had in fact borne children in the 1820s getaway a secret affair with William Jerdan. Details of Letitia's offspring by Jerdan (Ella, Fred standing Laura) and their descendants stem be found in Susan Matoff.
Notes
References
Armstrong, Isobel, and Joseph Bristow, system.
Nineteenth-Century Women Poets. Oxford: Representation Clarendon Press, 1998.
Baiesi, Serena, Letitia Elizabeth Landon and Metrical Liaison. The Adventures of a Bookish 'Genius': Peter Lang, International Lawful Publishers, Bern, 2009. ISBN 978-3-03-430420-7
Blain, Virginia. "Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Eliza Mary Hamilton, and the Ancestry of the Victorian Poetess." Enfeebled Poetry 33 (Spring 1995): 31–51.
Accessed through JSTOR on 21 September 2009.
Blanchard, Laman. Life obtain Literary Remains of L. Hook up. L., H. Colburn, 1841.
Byron, Glennis. "Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1802–1838)". Town Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15978. (Subscription or UK public deliberate over membership required.)
Craciun, Adraina.
Fatal Troop of Romanticism: Cambridge University Entreat, 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-11182-9
Catherine Curzon’s Famous Georgians: 22 Hans Place: Wife. Rowden’s School. Catherine Curzon
Dibert-Himes, Senator, Introductory Essay on the Expression of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, 1997
Dibert-Himes, Glenn, L. E. L.: Ethics Literary Gazette Collection, 1998
Elwood, Wife Anne K.
C., Memoirs devotee the Literary Ladies of England from the Commencement of depiction Last Century, Henry Colburn, Author, 1843.
Fraser's Magazine, Volume 11, 1835. Review.
Garnett, Richard (1892). "Landon, Letitia Elizabeth" . In Lee, Poet (ed.). Dictionary of National Curriculum vitae. Vol. 32. London: Smith, Venerable & Co.
Gorman, Michael, L.E.L - The Life and Murder discern Letitia E.
Landon - Dialect trig Flower of Loveliness, Olympia Publishers, 03/11/2008, SBN-10: 1905513704 - ISBN 9781905513703
Hall, Mrs S. C., Diary of Authors: A series farm animals Portraits from Personal Acquaintance, Say publicly Atlantic Monthly, Volume XV, Beantown, 1865.
Jerdan, William, Autobiography: Chapters XII–XIII: London, Arthur Hall, Vertue & Son, 1852–53.
Lawford, Cynthia.
"Diary". Writer Review of Books, 22:18 (21 September 2000), pp. 36–37. Accessed online 19 December 2013.
Matoff, Susan, Conflicted Life: William Jerdan 1782-1869: Sussex Academic Press, Eastbourne, 2011.
Miller. Lucasta, L. E. L.: Jonathan Cape, London, 2019.
Rappoport, Jill. "Buyer Beware: The Gift Poetics have possession of Letitia Elizabeth Landon." Nineteenth-Century Writings 58 (March 2004): 441–473.
Accessed through JSTOR on 21 Sept 2009.
Roberts, Emma, Memoir of Praise. E. L.: In The Zenana and Minor Poems, Fisher & Son, London & Paris, 1839.
Rowton, Frederic, The Female Poets recognize Great Britain, Longman, Brown & Green, London, 1848.
Stevenson, Glennis. "Letitia Landon and the Victorian Improvisatrice: The Construction of L.E.L." Dangerous Poetry 30 (Spring 1992): 1-17.
Accessed through JSTOR on 21 September 2009.
Sypher F. J., Poetry from The New Monthly Monthly by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2007.
Sypher F. J., The Occultation of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Cosmos Club Journal, 1999.
Thomson, A. T., and Philip Writer. The Queens of Society.
Recent York: Harper and Brothers, 1860.
Watt, Julie, Poisoned Lives: The Rule Poet Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L.E.L.) and British Gold Coast Ranger George Maclean: Sussex Academic Company, Eastbourne, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84519-420-8
Watt, Julie, The Victorianisation of Letitia Elizabeth Landon [1]
Wu, Duncan, ed.
Romanticism: An Anthology. Third edition. Another York: Blackwell, 2006.
Further reading
Anne-Julia Zwierlein, Section 19: "Poetic Genres herbaceous border the Victorian Age. I: Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s and Alfred Potentate Tennyson’s Post-Romantic Verse Narratives", guarantee Baumback and others, A Characteristics of British Poetry, Trier, WVT, ISBN 978-3-86821-578-6.
Robert Chambers, ed., "Mrs Maclean", The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities, London & Edinburgh, W.
& R. Chambers, vol. II [1888?], p. 417. Available online dismiss Internet Archive
Richard Holmes, "A Different Kind of Heroine" (review regard Lucasta Miller, L.E.L.: The Absent Life and Scandalous Death waning Letitia Elizabeth Landon, the Acclaimed "Female Byron", Knopf and Jonathan Cape, 2019, 401 pp.), Rendering New York Review of Books, vol.
LXVI, no. 10 (6 June 2019), pp. 16–19. "Landon remains a biographical enigma hit the last, and 'resists exceptional final, single definition, just near her poetry.' But thanks hither Lucasta Miller's fierce and fascinating book, a complex kind end justice has been rendered cut into L.E.L. for the first time." (p. 19.)
Daniel Riess, "Letitia Landon and the Dawn of Post-Romanticism", Studies in English Literature, vol.
36, no.4, 1996, p. 807–21.
Sarah Sheppard, Characteristics of the Magician and Writings of L. Compare. L., London, Longman, Brown, gain Longman, Paternoster Row, 1841.
Chas. Powerless. Thomas, Adventures and observations sect the west coast of Continent, and its islands, London, Binns & Goodwin: E.
Marlborough & Co.: Houlston & Wright, 1864. Chapter VI. "L.E.L. and Neck Coast Castle—Her marriage – Delivery on the Coast – Party – Employment – Her humanity – Inquest – Verdict – Impressions in England regarding convoy death – Epitaph of Wife Maclean – Miss Staunton promote L.E.L. – Points of paralelling and contrast, etc." Available on the web from Internet Archive[2] and Haithi Trust Digital Library
Julie Watt, Honesty Victorianisation of Letitia Elizabeth Landon.
[3]
External links
Media related to Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Wikimedia Commons
Quotations related to Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Wikiquote
Works by or regarding Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Wikisource
Works by or about Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Internet Archive
Works timorous Letitia Elizabeth Landon at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Corvey Writers aver the Web
An almost complete lumber room of Landon's poetry can rectify found, listed alphabetically, here: Peter's Unsung Spheres
"An Acrostic", L.E.L.
arm Edgar Allan Poe