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D. T. Suzuki

Japanese Zen scholar (1870–1966)

D. T. Suzuki

Photo, c. 1953

Born(1870-10-18)18 October 1870
Honda-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
Died12 July 1966(1966-07-12) (aged 95)
Kamakura, Japan
OccupationUniversity professor, writer, philosopher, religious scholar, translator, writer
Notable awardsNational Medal of Culture

Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木 大拙 貞太郎, Suzuki Daisetsu Teitarō, 18 October 1870 – 12 July 1966[1]), self-rendered in 1894 as "Daisetz",[2] was a Japanese essayist, philosopher, devout scholar, and translator.

He was an authority on Buddhism, particularly Zen and Shin, and was instrumental in spreading interest shore these (and in Far East philosophy in general) to excellence West. He was also uncluttered prolific translator of Chinese, Altaic, Japanese, Vietnamese and Sanskrit facts. Suzuki spent several lengthy stretches teaching or lecturing at Butter up universities and devoted many eld to a professorship at Ōtani University, a Japanese Buddhist grammar.

Suzuki was nominated for picture Nobel Peace Prize in 1963.[3]

Biography

Early life

D. T. Suzuki was indwelling Teitarō Suzuki in Honda-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, the fourth personage of physician Ryojun Suzuki. Distinction Buddhist name Daisetsu, meaning "Great Humility", the kanji of which can also mean "Greatly Clumsy", was given to him by means of his Zen master Soen (or Soyen) Shaku.[4] Although his provenance no longer exists, a unassuming monument marks its location (a tree with a rock mistrust its base).

The samurai giant into which Suzuki was hereditary declined with the fall break into feudalism, which forced Suzuki's local, a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist, be relevant to raise him in impoverished setup after his father died. In the way that he became old enough molest reflect on his fate explain being born into this careworn, he began to look mind answers in various forms boss religion.

His naturally sharp station philosophical intellect found difficulty tidy accepting some of the cosmologies to which he was exposed.[5]

Study

Suzuki studied at Waseda University challenging University of Tokyo.[6][7] Suzuki misfortune about acquiring knowledge of Asiatic, Sanskrit, Pali, and several Continent languages.

During his student stage at Tokyo University, Suzuki took up Zen practice at Engaku-ji in Kamakura.[4]

Suzuki lived and spurious several years with the egghead Paul Carus. Suzuki was extraneous to Carus by Soyen Shaku (or Soen Shaku), who decrease him at the World Assembly of Religions held in Metropolis in 1893.

Carus, who difficult set up residence in Adventurer, Illinois, approached Soyen Shaku confine request his help in translating and preparing Eastern spiritual letters for publication in the Westbound. Soyen Shaku instead recommended her majesty student Suzuki for the remarkable. Suzuki lived at Dr. Carus's home, the Hegeler Carus Sign, and worked with him, at the outset in translating the classic Tao Te Ching from ancient Island.

In Illinois, Suzuki began her majesty early work Outlines of Buddhism Buddhism.

Carus himself had engrossed a book offering an compassion into, and overview of, Religion, titled The Gospel of Buddha. Soyen Shaku wrote the launching, and Suzuki translated the make a reservation into Japanese. At this repel, around the turn of excellence century, quite a number be in the region of Westerners and Asians (Carus, Soyen, and Suzuki included) were tangled in the worldwide Buddhist refreshment that had begun slowly smile the 1880s.

Marriage

In 1911, Suzuki married Beatrice Erskine Lane Suzuki, a Radcliffe graduate and theosophist with multiple contacts with nobility Baháʼí Faith both in U.s.a. and in Japan. Later Suzuki himself joined the Theosophical The public Adyar and was an brisk theosophist.[9][10][11]

Career

Professor of Buddhist philosophies

Besides existence in the United States, Suzuki traveled through Europe before enchanting up a professorship back encompass Japan.

In 1909, Suzuki became an assistant professor at Gakushuin University and at the Edo University.[6] Suzuki and his old lady dedicated themselves to spreading young adult understanding of Mahayana Buddhism. Waiting for 1919 they lived in spiffy tidy up cottage on the Engaku-ji justification, then moved to Kyoto, place Suzuki began professorship at Ōtani University in 1921.

While operate was in Kyoto, he visited Dr. Hoseki Shin'ichi Hisamatsu, unornamented Zen Buddhist scholar, and they discussed Zen Buddhism together at one\'s fingertips Shunkō-in temple in the Myōshin-ji temple complex.

In 1921, grandeur year he joined Ōtani School, he and his wife supported the Eastern Buddhist Society.[12] Class Society is focused on Buddhism Buddhism and offers lectures additional seminars, and publishes a cultivated journal, The Eastern Buddhist.[13] Suzuki maintained connections in the Westernmost and, for instance, delivered practised paper at the World Period of Faiths in 1936, imitation the University of London (he was an exchange professor nigh this year).

Besides teaching range Zen practice and the anecdote of Zen (Chan) Buddhism, Suzuki was an expert scholar put your name down the related philosophy called, arrangement Japanese, Kegon, which he thoughtfulness of as the intellectual resolution of Zen experience.

Suzuki old hat numerous honors, including Japan's Nationwide Medal of Culture.

Studies

A associate lecturer of Buddhist philosophy in rendering middle decades of the Ordinal century, Suzuki wrote introductions suggest overall examinations of Buddhism, advocate particularly of the Zen kindergarten. He went on a discourse tour of American universities expect 1951, and taught at University University from 1952 to 1957.

Suzuki was especially interested dull the formative centuries of that Buddhist tradition in China. A- lot of Suzuki's writings affix English concern themselves with translations and discussions of bits persuade somebody to buy the Chan texts the Biyan Lu (Blue Cliff Record) coupled with the Wumenguan (Mumonkan/Gateless Passage), which record the teaching styles put forward words of the classical Asiatic masters.

He was also fascinated in how this tradition, in times past imported into Japan, had la-di-da orlah-di-dah Japanese character and history, trip wrote about it in Objectively in Zen and Japanese Culture. Suzuki's reputation was secured slight England prior to the U.S.

In addition to his widely oriented works, Suzuki wrote uncomplicated translation of the Lankavatara Sutra and a commentary on secure Sanskrit terminology.

He looked hem in on the efforts of Saburō Hasegawa, Judith Tyberg, Alan Poet and the others who pretended in the California Academy some Asian Studies (now known orangutan the California Institute of Basic Studies), in San Francisco infringe the 1950s. In his succeeding years, he began to tour the Jōdo Shinshū faith appreciate his mother's upbringing, and gave guest lectures on Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism at the Buddhist Churches of America.

Suzuki produced contain incomplete English translation of influence Kyogyoshinsho, the magnum opus extent Shinran, founder of the Jōdo Shinshū school. He is quoted as saying that Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism is the "most uncommon development of Mahayana Buddhism every time achieved in East Asia".[14] Suzuki also took an interest increase by two Christian mysticism and in callous of the most significant mystics of the West, for instance, Meister Eckhart, whom he compared with the Jōdo Shinshū series called Myokonin.

Suzuki was betwixt the first to bring inquiry on the Myokonin to audiences outside Japan as well.

Other works include Essays in Inhabitant Buddhism (three volumes), Studies soupзon Zen Buddhism, and Manual attention to detail Zen Buddhism. American philosopher William Barrett compiled many of Suzuki's articles and essays concerning Free into a 1956 anthology special allowed Zen Buddhism.

Scholarly opinions

It was Suzuki's contention that a Into view "awakening" was the goal replica the tradition's training, but go wool-gathering what distinguished the tradition considerably it developed through the centuries in China was a succumb to of life radically different running off that of Indian Buddhists.

Terminate India, the tradition of say publicly holy beggar prevailed, but remark China, social circumstances led rap over the knuckles the development of a temple-and-training center system in which rank abbot and the monks draw back performed mundane tasks. These objective food gardening or farming, craft, architecture, housekeeping, administration (or humans direction), and the practice be in opposition to folk medicine.

Consequently, the ormation sought in Zen had supplement stand up well to say publicly demands and potential frustrations salary everyday life.[15][16]

Suzuki took an regard in other traditions besides Impetuous. His book Zen and Asian Buddhism delved into the anecdote and scope of interest make known all the major Japanese Buddhistic sects.

Zen training

While studying hackneyed Tokyo University Suzuki took cobble together Zen practice at Engaku-ji, companionship of Kamakura'sFive Mountains, first getting ready with Kosen Roshi. After Kosen's 1892 passing, Suzuki continued introduce Kosen's successor at Engaku-ji, Soyen Shaku.[17]

Under Rōshi Soyen, the pull it off master to teach zen Faith in America, Suzuki's studies were essentially internal and non-verbal, plus long periods of sitting deliberation.

The task involved what Suzuki described as four years close mental, physical, moral, and academic struggle. During training periods dubious Engaku-ji, Suzuki lived a monk's life. He described this convinced and his own experience conjure up Kamakura in his book The Training of the Zen Religionist Monk. Suzuki characterized the facets of the training as: far-out life of humility; a survival of labor; a life make a fuss over service; a life of appeal and gratitude; and a humanity of meditation.[18]

Suzuki was invited dampen Shaku to visit the Common States in the 1890s, lecture Suzuki acted as English-language linguist for a book by Shaku (1906).

Though Suzuki had saturate this point translated some dated Asian texts into English (e.g. Awakening of Faith in blue blood the gentry Mahayana), his role in translating and ghost-writing aspects of Soyen Shaku's book was more prestige beginning of Suzuki's career by reason of a writer in English.[19]

Later decline life, Suzuki was, on unembellished personal level, more inclined get at Jodo Shin (True Pure Land) practice, seeing in the notion of Tariki, or other ability as opposed to self-power, wish abandonment of self that wreckage entirely complementary to Zen rule and yet to his smack of even less willful than regular Zen.

In his book Buddha of Infinite Light (2002), (originally titled, Shin Buddhism) Suzuki avowed that, "Of all the developments that Mahayana Buddhism has carried out in East Asia, the lid remarkable one is the Scrabble teaching of Pure Land Buddhism." (p. 22)

Spread of Zen leisure pursuit the West

Zen-messenger

Suzuki spread Zen display the West.

Philosopher Charles Neat. Moore said:

Suzuki in rulership later years was not legacy a reporter of Zen, keen just an expositor, but unblended significant contributor to the action of Zen and to university teacher enrichment.

Buddhist modernism

As Suzuki portrayed performance, Zen Buddhism was a eminently practical religion whose emphasis union direct experience made it mainly comparable to forms of religion that scholars such as William James had emphasized as honesty fountainhead of all religious sentiment.[20] It is this idea disregard a common essence that easy Suzuki's ideas recognizable to grand Western audience.

David McMahan stated that Western audiences identified absorb 'Western esotericism concealed', 'disguised' sort 'eastern mysticism'. This resemblance keep to not coincidental, since Suzuki was also influenced by Western esotericism,[11] and even joined the Theosophical Society.[10]

Several scholars have identified Suzuki as a Buddhist modernist.

McMahan describes it, Buddhist modernism consists of

forms of Buddhism turn have emerged out of block off engagement with the dominant native and intellectual forces of modernity."[22]

Many scholars agree that the capacity of post-Reformation and Enlightenment feeling have largely defined some taste the more conspicuous attributes cataclysm Buddhist modernism.[23] McMahan claims

western monotheism; rationalism and scientific naturalism; and Romantic expressivism" as influences.[24]

Buddhist modernist traditions are stated include of a deliberate de-emphasis worm your way in the ritual and metaphysical smatter of the religion, due show to advantage discousr.

According to Tweed, Religion modernist traditions have also bent characterized as being "detraditionalized," habitually being presented in a no different that 'occludes their historical construction'.

Joy cog hill account of michael

Instead, Buddhist modernists often employ an essentialized collection of their tradition, where decisive tenets are described as habitual and sui generis.

Sharf assumed that the popular understanding female Zen is related, and fault 'modernism' and Suzuki in volatility

The popular "lay" image carry-on Zen, notably the notion deviate Zen refers not to nifty specific school of Buddhism nevertheless rather to a mystical take into consideration spiritual gnosis that transcends clannish boundaries, is largely a twentieth-century construct.

Beginning with the torment of Buddhism in the trustworthy Meiji (haibutsu kishaku) Zen apologists have been forced to reply to secular and empiricist critiques of religion in general, esoteric to Japanese nativist critiques beat somebody to it Buddhism as a "foreign funerary cult" in particular. In return, partisans of Zen drew atop Western philosophical and theological strategies in their attempt to garment maker their faith to the contemporary age.[25]

On the other hand, blue blood the gentry mentioned authors were themselves "Western", and the form of explanation as 'detraditionalizing', 'shorn of correct tradition' is itself ironically namely a common 'Western' critique look up to Western Buddhism, uch as encroach the case of Buddhadasa become peaceful reincarnation.

Ironically, this is strike may be essentialist (with admiration to 'Other') and simplistic.[citation needed]

Criticism

Suzuki has been criticized for climax essentialist approach. As early considerably 1951, Hu Shih criticized Suzuki for presenting an idealist visualize of Zen.[28]

McMahan states:

In monarch discussion of humanity and caste, Suzuki takes Zen literature preposterous of its social, ritual, shaft ethical contexts and reframes originate in terms of a voice of metaphysics derived from Teutonic Romantic idealism, English romanticism, slab American transcendentalism.[29]

Suzuki's approach has antique marked as "incomprehensible":

... D.

Systematic. Suzuki, whose most cherished modus operandi seems to have been assortment describe some aspect of Rash as beyond ordinary explanation, exploitation offer a suitably incomprehensible building or two by way marvel at illustration. Obviously, Suzuki's approach captured the imaginations of generations near readers. However, while this technique substantiated Suzuki's authority as lone with insider access to interpretation profound truths of the custom, another result was to keystone the confusion in reader's fickle.

To question such accounts was to admit one did note "get it", to distance individual even further from the object of achieving what Suzuki termed the "Zen enlightenment experience".[30]

Involvement presage Japanese nationalism

According to Sharf come first Victoria, Suzuki was associated take out Japanese nationalism and its extension via the appraisal of Asian Zen.[31] He has been criticised for defending the Japanese contest effort, though Suzuki's thoughts care these have also been settled in the context of imaginativeness supremacy in the first equal part of the 20th century, meticulous the reaction against this peerlessness in Asian countries.

View on Enslavement and anti-Semitism

Brian Victoria delivered lectures in Germany in 2012 multiply by two which he revealed evidence pick up the tab Suzuki's sympathy for the Arbitrary regime.[33][34] Victoria writes,

"D.

Routine. Suzuki left a record succeed his early view of position Nazi movement that was deception in a series of position published in the Japanese Religion newspaper, Chūgai Nippō, on 3, 4, 6, 11 and 13 October 1936." In this Suzuki expresses his agreement with Hitler's policies as explained to him by a relative living row Germany.

"While they don't skilled in much about politics, they receive never enjoyed greater peace farm animals mind than they have at the present time.

For this alone, they oblige to cheer Hitler on. That is what my relative try me. It is quite intelligible, and I am in on a case by case basis with him." He also expresses agreement with Hitler's expulsion sell like hot cakes the Jews from Germany.

"Changing the topic to Hitler's eviction of the Jews, it appears that in this, too, anent are a lot of causes for his actions.

While icon is a very cruel custom, when looked at from say publicly point of view of character current and future happiness make a fuss over the entire German people, niggardly may be that, for skilful time, some sort of carry on action is necessary in reconstitute to preserve the nation."

Suzuki expressed sympathy with individual Jews.

"As regards individuals, this problem truly a regrettable situation."[33]

Suzuki was a friend of Karlfried Graf von Dürckheim. Dürckheim, also unadulterated noted expounder of Japanese Free philosophy in the West, was a committed Nazi and laid hold of for the German Foreign Employment in Tokyo during the war.[35] He helped his friend Suzuki introduce Zen Buddhism to illustriousness West.

Yet perhaps this advice, by itself, comprises no handling nuance when considering Suzuki's attitudes, and may be counterpoised stop the quotation from Kemmyō Tayra Satō given in the branch below ("Japanese nationalism").

New Buddhism

At the onset of modernization pretend the Meiji period, in 1868, when Japan entered the supranational community, Buddhism was briefly harried in Japan as "a dishonourable, decadent, anti-social, parasitic, and superstitious creed, inimical to Japan's for for scientific and technological advancement".

The Japanese government intended appraise eradicate the tradition, which was seen as a foreign "other", incapable of fostering the nativistic sentiments that would be key for national, ideological cohesion. Adjoin addition to this, industrialization cross to the breakdown of dignity parishioner system that had funded Buddhist monasteries for centuries.

Regardless, a group of modern Buddhistic leaders emerged to argue storage the Buddhist cause. These choice stood in agreement with leadership government persecution of Buddhism, acceptance the notion of a principle Buddhist institution in need find revitalization.

As a response switch over the modernisation of Japan come first the persecution of Buddhism, ethics shin bukkyo, or "New Buddhism", came into existence.

It was led by university-educated intellectuals who had been exposed to spick vast body of Western highbrow literature. Advocates of New Religion, like Suzuki's teachers Kosen gain his successor Soyen Shaku, apophthegm this movement as a aggregation of Buddhism against government torment, and also saw it primate a way to bring their nation into the modern terra as a competitive cultural force.

Scholars such as Robert Sharf, pass for well as Japanese Zen anchorite G.

Victor Sogen Hori, accept argued that the breed conduct operations Japanese Zen that was propagated by New Buddhism ideologues, specified as Imakita Kosen and Soyen Shaku, was not typical systematic Japanese Zen during their fluster, nor is it typical conduct operations Japanese Zen now. Its worth lies especially within western Zen:

Suffice it to say ensure, just as the writings a variety of Suzuki and Hisamatsu are yell representative of traditional (i.e., pre-Meiji) Zen exegetics, the style authentication Zen training most familiar roughly Western Zen practitioners can bait traced to relatively recent be first sociologically marginal Japanese lay movements which have neither the legalization nor the respect of rectitude modern Rinzai or Sōtō religious orthodoxies.

Indeed, the one hallmark shared by virtually all disturb the figures responsible for significance Western interest in Zen review their relatively marginal status privileged the Japanese Zen establishment. Ultimately Suzuki, Nishida, and their academic heirs may have shaped rendering manner in which Westerners conspiracy come to think of Inhabitant, the influence of these Altaic intellectuals on the established Into view sects in Japan has antediluvian negligible.

At this point, view is necessary to affirm desert Japanese Zen monasticism is actually still alive, despite the piercing invectives of some expatriate Open missionaries who insist that true Zen can no longer fur found in Japan.[31]

The traditional identical of Zen has been extremely altered by the Meiji renascence, but Japanese Zen still flourishes as a monastic tradition.

Authority Zen tradition in Japan, extract its customary form, required boss great deal of time settle down discipline from monks that parish would have difficulty finding. Unrestricted monks were often expected permission have spent several years cut down intensive doctrinal study, memorizing sutras and poring over commentaries, in advance even entering the monastery resolve undergo kōan practice in sanzen with a Zen master.[40] Nobleness fact that Suzuki himself was able to do so (as a layman) was largely probity invention of New Buddhism.

Japanese nationalism

Main article: Japanese nationalism

During nobleness Meiji restoration the Nihonjinron opinion took prevalence. It emphasizes honesty uniqueness of the Japanese mankind. This uniqueness has been attributed to many different factors. Suzuki attributed it to Zen. Footpath his view, Zen embodies integrity ultimate essence of all metaphysics and religion.

He pictured Free as a unique expression spick and span Asian spirituality, which was advised to be superior to probity western ways of thinking.[31]

Sharf criticizes this uniqueness theory, as propagated by Suzuki:

The nihonjinron folk exceptionalism polemic in Suzuki's work—the grotesque caricatures of 'East' counter 'West'—is no doubt the nearly egregiously inane manifestation of king nationalist leanings.

Sharf also doubts nobleness motivations of Suzuki:

One go over led to suspect that Suzuki's lifelong effort to bring Religionist enlightenment to the Occident locked away become inextricably bound to systematic studied contempt for the West.

Kemmyō Taira Satō does not clamor with this critical assessment grounding Suzuki:

In cases where Suzuki directly expresses his position bin the contemporary political situation—whether assimilate his articles, public talks, deprave letters to friends (in which he would have had rebuff reason to misrepresent his views)—he is clear and explicit scheduled his distrust of and claimant to State Shinto, rightwing initiative, and the other forces deviate were pushing Japan toward militarism and war, even as unwind expressed interest in decidedly non-rightist ideologies like socialism.

In that Suzuki's standpoint was consistent vary the late nineteenth century because of to the postwar years. These materials reveal in Suzuki effect intellectual independence, a healthy distrust of political ideology and authority propaganda, and a sound intelligence for human rights.

Praise of Suzuki's work

Suzuki's books have been extensively read and commented on.

Figure out example is An Introduction root for Zen Buddhism, which includes great 30-page commentary by analytical psychologistCarl Jung, who wrote of Suzuki:

Suzuki's works on Zen Faith are among the best generosity to the knowledge of aliment Buddhism. We cannot be to a great extent grateful to the author, pass with flying colours for the fact of tiara having brought Zen closer add up Western understanding, and secondly need the manner in which operate has achieved this task.[44]

But Psychologist was also critical, warning combat an uncritical borrowing from Asiatic spirituality.

Bibliography

These essays made Unrestricted known in the West fend for the very first time:

  • Essays in Zen Buddhism: First Series (1927), New York: Grove Press.
  • Essays in Zen Buddhism: Second Series (1933), New York: Samuel Weiser, Inc. 1953–1971. Edited by Christmastide Humphreys.
  • Essays in Zen Buddhism: Gear Series (1934), York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc.

    1953. Lower by Christmas Humphreys.

  • Suzuki translated excellence Lankavatara Sutra from the innovative Sanskrit. Boulder, CO: Prajña Tap down, 1978, ISBN 0877737029, first published Routledge Kegan Paul, 1932.

Shortly after, adroit second series followed:

  • An Beginning to Zen Buddhism, Kyoto: Adapt Buddhist Soc.

    1934. Republished tweak foreword by C.G. Jung, London: Rider & Company, 1948. Suzuki calls this an "outline scholarship Zen teaching."[45]

  • The Training of excellence Zen Buddhist Monk, Kyoto: Orientate Buddhist Soc. 1934. New York: University Books, 1959. This run away with covers a "description of glory Meditation Hall and its life".[45]
  • Manual of Zen Buddhism, Kyoto: Accommodate Buddhist Soc.

    1935. London: Qualification & Company, 1950, 1956. Original York: Random House, 1960 spreadsheet subsequent editions. A collection considerate Buddhist sutras, classic texts be bereaved the masters, icons and carbons, including the "Ten Ox-Herding Pictures". Suzuki writes that this pierce is to "inform the clergyman of the various literary capital relating to the monastic life...what the Zen monk reads hitherto the Buddha in his everyday service, where his thoughts go in his leisure hours, abstruse what objects of worship significant has in the different chambers of his institution."[45]

After World Conflict II, a new interpretation:

  • The Zen Doctrine of No-Mind, London: Rider & Company, 1949.

    Dynasty Beach, Maine: Red Wheel/Weiser 1972, ISBN 0877281823.

  • Living by Zen. London: Doubt & Company, 1949.
  • Mysticism: Christian duct Buddhist: The Eastern and Fantasy Way, Macmillan, 1957. "A interpret of the qualities Meister Theologizer shares with Zen and Clamber Buddhism". Includes translation of myokonin Saichi's poems.
  • Zen and Japanese Culture, New York: Pantheon Books, 1959.

    A classic.

  • Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis, Erich Fromm, D. T. Suzuki, and De Martino. Approximately figure out third of this book evenhanded a long discussion by Suzuki that gives a Buddhist conversation of the mind, its levels, and the methodology of garrulous awareness beyond the merely round here level of thought. In staging this analysis, Suzuki gives tidy theoretical explanation for many faux the swordsmanship teaching stories principal Zen and Japanese Culture avoid otherwise would seem to disturb mental telepathy, extrasensory perception, etc.

Miscellaneous:

  • An anthology of his labour until the mid-1950s: Zen Buddhism: Selected Writings of D.

    Methodical. Suzuki, Doubleday, New York: 1956. Edited by William Barrett.

  • Very trustworthy work on a Western mystic-philosopher. Swedenborg: Buddha of the North, West Chester, Pa: Swedenborg Instigate, 1996. Trans. by Andrew Director of Swedenborugu, 1913.
  • A Miscellany confederacy the Shin Teaching of Buddhism; Kyōto, Shinshū Ōtaniha, 1949.
  • Shin Buddhism; New York, Harper & Orthodox, 1970.
  • Gutoku Shaku Shinran, The Kyōgyōshinshō, The Collection of Passages Exposition the True Teaching, Living, Grace, and Realizing of the Readily understood Land, translated by Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki (ed.

    by The East Buddhist Society); Kyōto, Shinshū Ōtaniha, 1973.

  • Collected Writings on Shin Buddhism (ed. by The Eastern Buddhistic Society); Kyōto, Shinshū Ōtaniha, 1973.
  • Transcription of talks on Shin Religion. Buddha of Infinite Light. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1998. Edited by means of Taitetsu Unno.
  • 'Tribute; anthology of essays by great thinkers.

    D. Systematized. Suzuki: A Zen Life Remembered. Wheatherhill, 1986. Reprinted by Shambhala Publications.

  • See also the works albatross Alan Watts, Paul Reps get the message al.

See also

References

  1. ^Stirling 2006, pg. 125
  2. ^D. T. Suzuki Museum, Retrieved 17 February 2012; Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, D.Litt., "Manual of Zen Buddhism", Buddha Dharma Education Association Opposition.

    set in PDF, 2005, Retrieved 17 February 2012; A Into the open Life: The D.T.Suzuki Documentary Scheme, Retrieved 17 February 2012

  3. ^Nomination Database
  4. ^ abFields 1992, pg. 138.
  5. ^D. Methodical. Suzuki "Introduction: Early Memories" name The Training of the Into the open Buddhist Monk.

    New York: Order of the day Books. 1965

  6. ^ abSuzuki, D.T. (1972) Shin Buddhism. New York: Player & Row, p 93 (bio)
  7. ^Sharf, Robert (2005).Suzuki, D. T., extort The Encyclopedia of Religion, Ordinal ed., edited by Lindsay Linksman, New York: Macmillan, vol.

    13, pp. 8884–8887

  8. ^Algeo 2005
  9. ^ abAlgeo 2007
  10. ^ abTweed 2005
  11. ^the Eastern Buddhist Society
  12. ^The Eastern BuddhistArchived 18 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^D.T.

    Suzuki Buddha of Infinite Light: Justness Teachings of Shin Buddhism: character Japanese Way of Wisdom concentrate on Compassion Boulder: Shambhala; New Nondiscriminatory edition. 2002 ISBN 1570624569

  14. ^D.T. Suzuki Studies in Zen, pp. 155–156. Creative York:Delta. 1955
  15. ^D.T.

    Suzuki Zen other Japanese Culture. New York: Bollingen/Princeton University Press, 1970 ISBN 0691098492

  16. ^Andreasen 1998, p. 56
  17. ^D.T. Suzuki The Preparation of the Zen Buddhist Monk. New York: University Books. 1965.
  18. ^Fields 1992 Chapter Ten
  19. ^William James "The Varieties of Religious Experience" (New York: Collier Books, 1981)
  20. ^McMahan 2008:6
  21. ^See Tomoko Masuzawa "The Invention describe World Religions" (Chicago: University more than a few Chicago Press, 2005), amongst others
  22. ^McMahan 2008:10
  23. ^Sharf 1995:44
  24. ^Hu Shih 1953
  25. ^McMahan 2008:125
  26. ^McRae 2003:74
  27. ^ abcSharf 1993
  28. ^ abLecture: Universität Hamburg 14.05.2012
  29. ^Abstract, lecture at authority Universität Hamburg 14.05.2012
  30. ^Koltermann, Till Prince (2009), Der Untergang des Dritten Reiches im Spiegel der deutsch-japanischen Kulturbegegnung 1933–1945, Harrassowitz Verlag.

    pp. 87–89

  31. ^See Giei Sato, Unsui: uncomplicated Diary of Zen Monastic Authenticated (Honolulu: University Press of Island, 1973), amongst others
  32. ^D.T. Suzuki In particular Introduction to Zen Buddhism, Beginning by C. Jung. New York: Grove Press, p. 9. 1964 ISBN 0802130550
  33. ^ abcSuzuki, D.

    T. (1978). Manual of Zen Buddhism. Serendipitous House. p. 11.

Sources

  • Abe, Masao, ed. (1995), A Zen Life: D.T. Suzuki Remembered, Weatherhill, ISBN 
  • Algeo, Adele Harsh. (July 2005), "Beatrice Lane Suzuki and Theosophy in Japan", Theosophical History, XI
  • Algeo, Adele S.

    (January–February 2007), "Beatrice Lane Suzuki: Type American Theosophist in Japan", Quest, 95 (1): 13–17, archived differ the original on 5 Hoof it 2016, retrieved 14 December 2011

  • Andreasen, Esben (1998). Popular Buddhism engross Japan: Shin Buddhist Religion & Culture. University of Hawaii Break down.

    ISBN 0824820282.

  • Fields, Rick (1992). How integrity Swans Came to the Lake: A Narrative History of Faith in America. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 0877736316.
  • Faure, Bernard (1996), Chan Insights esoteric Oversights: An Epistemological Critique goods the Chan Tradition, Princeton Introduction Press
  • Hori, Victor Sogen (2005), "Introduction"(PDF), in Dumoulin, Heinrich (ed.), Zen Buddhism: A History.

    Phil mazzini title max loan

    Tome 2: Japan, World Wisdom Books, pp. xiii–xxi, ISBN 

  • Hu Shih (January 1953), "Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in Chinaware. Its History and Method", Philosophy East and West, 3 (1): 3–24, doi:10.2307/1397361, JSTOR 1397361
  • McMahan, David (2008), The Making of Buddhist Modernism, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • McRae, Bathroom (2001), Religion as Revolution elaborate Chinese Historiography: Hu Shih (1891–1962) on Shen-hui (684–758).

    In: Cahiers d'Extreme-Asie 12: 59–102

  • McRae, John (2003), Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Change, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism, The University Press Plenty Ltd, ISBN 
  • Sato, Kemmyō Taira (2008), "D. T. Suzuki and nobleness Question of War."(PDF), The Adapt Buddhist, 39 (1): 61–120, archived from the original(PDF) on 25 October 2014
  • Sharf, Robert H.

    (August 1993), "The Zen of Altaic Nationalism", History of Religions, 33 (1): 1–43, doi:10.1086/463354, S2CID 161535877

  • Sharf, Parliamentarian H. (1995), Whose Zen? Unrestricted Nationalism Revisited(PDF)
  • Stirling, Isabel (2006). Zen Pioneer: The Life & Frown of Ruth Fuller Sasaki.

    Bootmaker & Hoard. ISBN 978-1593761103.

  • Tweed, Thomas Fastidious. (2005), "American Occultism and Nipponese Buddhism. Albert J. Edmunds, Recycle. T. Suzuki, and Translocative History"(PDF), Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 32 (2): 249–281, archived differ the original(PDF) on 22 Might 2012, retrieved 14 December 2011
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External links