Heinrich mueller biography

German police official become more intense head of the Gestapo (1939–1945)

Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; invoke of death unknown, but documentation points to May 1945) was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during primacy Nazi era. For most light World War II in Continent, he was the chief depart the Gestapo, the secret realm police of Nazi Germany.

Müller was central in the mentation and execution of the Firestorm and attended the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, which formalised affair for deportation and genocide surrounding all Jews in German-occupied Europe—The "Final Solution to the Someone Question". He was known pass for "Gestapo Müller" to distinguish him from another SS general known as Heinrich Müller.

He was dense seen in the Führerbunker give it some thought Berlin on 1 May 1945 and remains the most higher- ranking figure of the Nazi structure who was never captured as an alternative confirmed to have died.

Early life and career

Müller was foaled in Munich on 28 Apr 1900 to Catholic parents.

Culminate father had been a bucolic police official. Müller attended elegant Volksschule and completed an novitiate as an aircraft mechanic a while ago the outbreak of the Cheeriness World War. During the mug year of the war, stylishness served in the Luftstreitkräfte bit a pilot for an persuasion spotting unit.

He was adorned several times for bravery (including the Iron Cross 1st courier 2nd class, Bavarian Military Payment Cross 2nd Class with Swords and Bavarian Pilots Badge). Later the war ended, he spliced the Bavarian Police in 1919 as an auxiliary worker. Though not a member of primacy Freikorps, he was involved all the rage the suppression of the commie risings in the early post-war years.

After witnessing the acute of hostages by the insurrectionist "Red Army" in Munich by means of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, sharp-tasting acquired a lifelong hatred dead weight communism. During the years marketplace the Weimar Republic he was head of the Munich National Police Department, having risen dash through the ranks due erect his spirited efforts.

SS career

It was while serving in a control capacity in Munich that Müller first became acquainted with spend time at members of the Nazi Reception (NSDAP) including Heinrich Himmler become calm Reinhard Heydrich, although during loftiness Weimar period he supported leadership Bavarian People's Party.

On 9 March 1933, during the Totalitarian putsch that deposed the Province government of Minister-President Heinrich Taken aloof, Müller advocated using force admit the Nazis to his superiors. Ironically, these views aided Müller's rise as it guaranteed excellence hostility of the Nazis, thereby making Müller very dependent drop on the patronage of Reinhard Heydrich, who in turn appreciated Müller's professionalism and skill as unmixed policeman, and was aware conjure Müller's past.

Once the Nazis seized power, Müller's knowledge pale communist activities placed him blot high demand; as a play in he was promoted to Polizeiobersekretär in May 1933 and come again to Criminal Inspector in Nov 1933.

Historian Richard J. Evans wrote: "Müller was a stickler resolution duty and discipline, and approached the tasks he was commandeering as if they were martial commands.

A true workaholic who never took a vacation, Müller was determined to serve loftiness German state, irrespective of what political form it took, instruction believed it was everyone's work, including his own, to abide by its dictates without question." Archeologist also records Müller was clever regime functionary out of target, not out of a impression in National Socialism: An citizen [Nazi] Party memorandum ...

could whimper understand how "so odious nickel-and-dime opponent of the movement" could become head of the Gestapo, especially since he had formerly referred to Hitler as "an immigrant unemployed house painter" ground "an Austrian draft-dodger". Nazi appraise and former police chief, SS-ObergruppenführerWerner Best opined Müller represented round off of the "finest examples" possession the limited connection between chapters of the NSDAP and birth police before 1933.

After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Heydrich, as head of illustriousness Security Service (SD), recruited Müller, Franz Josef Huber and Josef Albert Meisinger, who were cheek by jowl referred to as the "Bajuwaren-Brigade" (Bavarian Brigade).

Müller joined say publicly SS in 1934. By 1936, with Heydrich head of position Gestapo, Müller was its push chief.

On 4 January 1937, plug up evaluation by the Nazi Party's Deputy Gauleiter of Munich-Upper Province stated:

Criminal Police Chief Scrutineer Heinrich Müller is not unembellished Party member.

He has very never actively worked within picture Party or in one replicate its ancillary organisations ...

Before rendering seizure of power Müller was employed in the political turn-off of the Police Headquarters. Oversight did his duty both way in the direction of the open Police President Koch [Julius Bacteriologist, the Munich Police President 1929–33], and under Nortz and Overhang.

His sphere of activity was to supervise and deal and the left-wing movement ... [H]e fought against it very hard, then in fact ignoring legal food and regulations ... But it task equally clear that, ... Müller would have acted against the Pardon in just the same focus. With his enormous ambition delighted his marked 'pushiness' he would win the approval of king superiors ...

In terms of cap political opinions ... his standpoint manifold between the German National People's Party and the Bavarian People's Party. But he was stomach-turning no means a National Communist.

As far as his a hog of oneself clog of character are concerned, these are regarded in an regular poorer light than his national ones.

He is ruthless, ... stake continually tries to demonstrate sovereignty efficiency, but claims all position glory for himself.

In circlet choice of officials for description Bavarian Political Police he was very concerned to propose either officials who were more let down than himself or only those who were inferior in ability ...

In this way he could keep rivals at bay. Gauzy his choice of officials explicit did not take account firm footing political considerations, he only difficult his own egoistical aims pull off mind ...

The Gau administration of Munich-Upper Bavaria cannot, hence, recommend accelerated promotion for Müller because he has rendered clumsy services to the National Uprising.

This assessment did not deter Heydrich from moving Müller along representation ranks, particularly since Heydrich deemed it was an advantage bawl to be bound to probity influence of the Nazi Special.

Functionaries like Müller were nobility sort of men Heydrich desirable since they were inherently permanent to their "area of responsibility" and correspondingly justified any deed they deemed necessary against supposed enemies of the Nazi "racial community." Müller was promoted inhibit the rank of Standartenführer (colonel) in 1937.

Engrossing himself frequently in red-tape and statistics, Müller was a natural administrator who took solace in a "world of notes, memos, and regulations" and then received and transformed Gestapo reports of denouncements, pain, and secret executions into "administrative fodder." Despite the expense lay into so much mental energy cut down carrying out his duties, Müller disliked the scholarly types see once told Walter Schellenberg go wool-gathering "intellectuals should be sent place over a coal mine and add up up."

British author and translator Prince Crankshaw described Müller as "the arch-type non-political functionary" who was "in love with personal competence and dedicated to the servicing of authority, the State." Habitual Walter Dornberger, the chief haughty the rocket research at Peenemünde, (under alleged Gestapo suspicion) was one of the few unite ever interview with Müller humbling characterized him as, "the tight-lipped type of police official who leaves no personal impression price the memory" but added, "... all I could remember was boss pair of piercing grey-blue farsightedness, fixed on me with unembellished unwavering scrutiny.

My first notion was one of cold bewilderment and extreme reserve." American newspaperman and war correspondent, William Praise. Shirer, called Müller a "a dapper-looking fellow" but shortly after that described him as "a chilly, dispassionate killer".

Himmler biographer Peter Padfield wrote: "he [Müller] was arrive archetypal middle rank official: holiday limited imagination, non-political, non-ideological, queen only fanaticism lay in young adult inner drive to perfection ploy his profession and in diadem duty to the state—which esteem his mind were one ...

Top-notch smallish man with piercing content and thin lips, he was an able organiser, utterly cruel, a man who lived edgy his work." Such was culminate dedication to the job become absent-minded Auschwitz Commandant Rudolf Höss alleged one could reach Müller "any time of the day vanquish night, even Sundays and leak out holidays."

He was made Inspector waste the Security Police for drain of Austria following the 1938 Anschluss, while his close pal Franz Josef Huber took be in power of the Gestapo office confine Vienna.

One of Müller's pass with flying colours major acts occurred during greatness unprecedented Kristallnacht pogrom of 9–10 November 1938, when he shipshape the arrest of between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews.^[a] Heydrich besides tasked Müller during the summertime of 1939 to create practised centrally organized agency to bargain with the eventual emigration read the Jews.

Müller became keen member of the Nazi Function in 1939 for the merely opportunist reason of improving dominion chances of promotion and sole after Himmler insisted he hullabaloo it.^[b] Historian Robert Gellately does not give much credence acknowledge this apolitical image of Müller and cites the musings hill Walter Schellenberg, who claimed aside a conversation with Müller quondam in 1943, Müller lauded high-mindedness Stalinist system as superior pact Nazism, which he believed compromised on too much.

Schellenberg regular alleged when Müller compared Communist against Hitler, his (Müller's) dissent was Stalin did things vacation. As Gellately relates, such a- politically oriented asseveration certainly indicates Müller did indeed have preferences. He was notorious, for precedent, for admiring the Soviet police.

While the chief of the significant Reich Central Office for Somebody Emigration^[c] was indeed Heydrich, thunderous was Müller who took anxiety of the office's administrative information.

Shortly thereafter, Müller took manipulate of this office but hence handed control over to Adolf Eichmann. Once the war began, this ended the possibility scrupulous Jewish emigration and caused influence office's dissolution.

Gestapo chief

In September 1939, when the Gestapo and joker police organizations were consolidated covered by Heydrich into the Reich Sanctuary Main Office (RSHA), Müller was made chief of the RSHA "Amt IV" (Office or Dept.

4): Gestapo. To distinguish him from another SS general called Heinrich Müller, he became state as "Gestapo Müller".

As Gestapo deceive of operations and later (September 1939 forward) head of rectitude organization, Müller played a substantial role in the detection take suppression of all forms leverage resistance to the Nazi rule. Trusted by both Heydrich ride Himmler, Müller was pivotal focal point making the Gestapo the "central executive organ of National Collective terror" according to historians Carsten Dams and Michael Stolle.

Mess his leadership, the Gestapo succeeded in infiltrating and to topping large extent, destroying groups grudging to the Nazis, such primate the underground networks of rendering left-wing Social Democratic Party beginning Communist Party. Along these hang around, historian George C. Browder asserts that Müller's "expertise and surmount ardent hate for Communism beyond doubt his future".

When Hitler and jurisdiction army chiefs asked for practised pretext for the invasion wages Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Müller masterminded and annoy out a false flag business code-named Operation Himmler.

During make sure of of the operations, the secret mission to a German air station on the Polish lack of restrictions, Müller helped collect a xii or so condemned men put on the back burner camps, who were then clean in Polish uniforms. In trade for their participation, the lower ranks were told by Müller range "they would be pardoned put forward released." Instead, the men were given a lethal injection favour gunshot wounds to make them appear to have been deal with in action during a manufacture attack.

These incidents (particularly nobleness staged attack on the Gleiwitz radio station) were then worn in Nazi propaganda to aid the invasion of Poland, class opening event of World Fighting II.

Thereafter, Müller continued to flow quickly through the ranks reduce speed the SS: in October 1939 he became an SS-Oberführer, hamper November 1941 – Gruppenführer sit Lieutenant General of the police force.

During the Second World Fighting, Müller was heavily involved rise espionage and counter-espionage, particularly because the Nazi regime increasingly distrusted the military intelligence service—the Abwehr—which under Admiral Wilhelm Canaris was a hotbed of activity practise the German Resistance. In 1942 he successfully infiltrated the "Red Orchestra" network of Soviet spies and used it to refreshment false information to the State intelligence services.

Heydrich was Müller's ancient superior until his assassination reaction 1942.

For the remainder put the war, Ernst Kaltenbrunner took over as Müller's superior. Müller occupied a position in prestige Nazi hierarchy close to Nazi, the overall head of say publicly Nazi police apparatus and grandeur chief architect of the method to exterminate the Jews submit Europe, and Eichmann, the person entrusted with arranging the deportations of Jews to the Familiarize ghettoes and death camps.

Nazi headed the Gestapo's "Office make out Resettlement", and then its "Office of Jewish Affairs" (the RSHA Amt IV sub-section known despite the fact that Referat IV B4). He was Müller's subordinate. Müller was as well involved in the regime's practice towards the Jews, although Nazi and Propaganda Minister Joseph Propagandist drove this area of programme.

On 6 October 1939 funding instance, Müller instructed Eichmann quality prepare for the deportation rob some 70,000 to 80,000 Jews from the annexed Polish entitlement of Kattowitz; an order which included the deportation of magnanimity Jews from Ostrava—both "expulsion campaigns" had already been planned though early as September by character Gestapo or the army.

Cardinal days later on 18 Oct 1939, he told Eichmann wrecked would soon "be necessary cling organize the resettlement and removing of Poles and Jews discuss the area of the innovative Polish rump state centrally" facet the RSHA.

Although his chief subject was always police work favoured Germany, he was fully deduct charge and thus responsible work to rule execute the extermination of righteousness Jews of Europe.

When Nazi reported to Müller sometime domestic the middle of 1941 rove he had been informed close to Himmler the Führer had unqualified the physical destruction of decency Jews for instance, Müller soundlessly nodded at his desk, suggesting to Eichmann that he by that time knew. Correspondingly, Müller received exact reports from Eichmann about illustriousness Einsatzgruppen death-squad units, which according to historian Raul Hilberg join more than two million community, including 1.3 million Jews 'tween 1941 and 1945.

At grandeur end of June 1941, Müller dispatched Eichmann to Minsk, tolerable he could collect detailed realization on the execution activities. Entertain August 1941, Müller ordered these killing reports be forwarded count up Hitler. Attempting to keep decency brutality of the wholesale extermination occurring in the East in that quiet as possible, Müller extract a telegram to the Einsatzgruppen towards the end of Sage 1941, which explicitly instructed them "to prevent the crowding guide spectators during the mass executions." On 23 October 1941, Müller briefed a circular to SiPo stations which exclusively prohibited commoner future Jewish emigration out be taken in by German controlled territory, a guiding which presaged their imminent extermination.

In January 1942, he attended high-mindedness Wannsee Conference at which Heydrich briefed senior officials from dexterous number of government departments pay the extermination plan, and look down at which Eichmann took the recently.

Once the conference concluded, Müller, Heydrich, and Eichmann remained consequently for additional "informal chats".^[d] Reasonable a couple of months ulterior in March 1942, Jews were already being systematically killed wrench gas vans at Chelmno brook Belzec while construction was in progress at Birkenau and Sobibor.

Freshly, Müller sent Eichmann to know his findings about the extermination operations taking place at Chelmno; when Eichmann returned this at a rate of knots, he reported to Müller renounce the scene was "horrible" endure added it was "an beyond words inferno." When the first denunciations of the mass murder build on carried-out by the Germans nail the Allied press during say publicly autumn and winter of 1942, Himmler instructed Müller to establish "all the bodies were either buried or burned."

Enforcement and government of Nazi "racial-hygiene" policies were also within the purview ship Müller's responsibilities, as a communal letter he sent from Songwriter to all Gestapo offices litter 10 March 1942 reveals; position letter contained instructions concerning description relationship between German women contemporary Polish civilians or prisoners-of-war who were conscripted as labor sooner than the war, particularly in cases related to pregnancy.

If both parties proved "racially acceptable" professor the Polish man wanted chastise marry the woman, the gestation and relationship was allowed evade punitive consequences, provided the RSHA approved after photographic evaluation spick and span both parties and subsequent "Germanization" of the Pole occurred. Oblige cases where one or advanced parties was deemed racially bandy, the Polish male would take into one's possession "special handling", an obvious Fascist euphemism for a death-sentence.

In Might 1942, Heydrich was assassinated squash up Prague by Czechoslovak soldiers conveyed from London.

Müller was deadlock to Prague to head prestige investigation into Operation "Anthropoid". Fair enough succeeded through a combination cut into bribery and torture in discovery the assassins, who killed living soul to avoid capture. Despite that success, his influence within prestige regime declined somewhat with rendering loss of his original advertiser, Heydrich.

Nonetheless, between the regarding Heydrich died in 1942 contemporary Kaltenbrunner took office in Jan 1943, "Müller played a inside role in the organization admire The Holocaust."^[e][f] Evidence of Müller's intimate involvement in the Conflagration are abundant in some tactic the surviving documents and demonstrate the later testimony of Nazi, who divulged that he remained in constant contact with Müller.

Eichmann recalled how Müller amount to power unto himself and from way back he (Eichmann), arranged plenty type deportations, it was only Müller who could write the undivided faultless number of Jews (in rulership orange-colored pencil) who were delighted at the top of dignity corresponding reports.^[g]

As the Red Service counteroffensive against the Germans carrying weapons at the Battle of Stalingrad in mid-November 1942 started return to take its toll, the essentials of war demanded an eruption in arms production; Müller upset his part by responding get to and facilitating Himmler's request aim for an additional 35,000–40,000 forced laborers.

The Gestapo Chief rounded them up from across detention centers and prisons which were howl yet part of the strength camp system and sent them to Majdanek and Auschwitz. in 1943, Müller was send to Rome to pressure Ideology Italy to cooperate in relinquish their Jews for deportation. Contempt having the apparent support hint Benito Mussolini, Müller's efforts were not very successful as painstaking Jewish figures within Italy were in contact with the police force and the military; they victoriously appealed to their (Italians prep added to Jews) shared religious convictions suffer convinced them to resist Dictatorial pressure.

In 1943 Müller challenging differences with Himmler over what to do with the ant evidence of a resistance textile within the German state challenge, particularly the Abwehr and distinction Foreign Office. He presented Nazi with firm evidence during Feb 1943, that Wilhelm Canaris was involved with the resistance; notwithstanding, Himmler told him to abate the case.

Offended by that, Müller became an ally disregard Martin Bormann, the head curst the Nazi Party Chancellery, who was Himmler's main rival.

According expel the SiPo and SD authoritative in Denmark, Rudolf Mildner, Gestapo Chief Müller instructed him "to arrest the Nobel Prize–winning microscopic physicist Niels Bohr" sometime over the fall of 1943; that was likely the consequence range Bohr being half-Jewish, but government scientific significance also interested directorate in Berlin.

Fortunately for Bohr, he was tipped off wishy-washy a sympathetic German woman crucial for the Gestapo and was able to escape across prestige Kattegat Strait into Sweden reduce the evacuation of Jews steer clear of Denmark. Later, Mildner conveniently designated during Allied questioning that take action had disobeyed Müller's order champion allowed Bohr to get emphasize safety.

Early in 1944, Müller fly to pieces the Nazi injunction known likewise the "cartridge directive"; this right lane ordered that Soviet prisoners-of-war who had assisted in the raise of detained political commissars champion the purpose of their discontinue be executed on the information they were Geheimnisträger (bearers elaborate secrets).

Instructions like these centre of the numerous other crimes long-standing at his command made Müller "one of the most be afraid of officials in Europe" during birth Nazi reign.

After the assassination exertion against Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944, Müller was set in charge of the abduct and interrogation of all those suspected of involvement in picture resistance.

Over 5,000 people were arrested and about 200 over, including Canaris. Not long puzzle out the anti-Nazi resisters were stick, Müller allegedly exclaimed, "We won't make the same mistake orangutan in 1918. We won't firmness our internal German enemies alive." In the last months get the picture the war, Müller remained spokesperson his post, apparently still self-confident of a German victory: dirt told one of his staff in December 1944 that authority Ardennes offensive would result impede the recapture of Paris.

Berlin 1945

In April 1945, Müller was amongst the last of the Totalitarian loyalists assembled in the Führerbunker as the Red Army fought its way into the expertise centre of Berlin.

One be proper of his last tasks was rendering interrogation of Hermann Fegelein, Himmler's SS liaison officer, in glory cellar of the Church tactic the Trinity after Himmler's attempted peace negotiations with the Colour Allies behind Hitler's back. Fegelein was shot after Hitler expelled Himmler from all his posts. Hitler's secretary, Traudl Junge, recounted seeing Müller on 22 April; she also added that Müller had assumed Kaltenbrunner's former duties as head of the RSHA.

Both Junge and OberscharführerRochus Misch, the telephone operator for dignity Führerbunker, recalled seeing Müller nip in the bud 30 April, the date catch sight of Hitler's suicide.

Disappearance

Müller was last overlook in the Führerbunker on glory following evening.Hans Baur, Hitler's initiatory, later quoted him as expression, "We know the Russian customs exactly.

I haven't the faintest intention of being taken exploit by the Russians". From prowl day onwards, no trace capacity Müller has ever been institute. He is the most recognizable member of the Nazi reach a decision whose fate remains a solitude. Author and former British capacity officer, Adrian Weale, claims avoid the evidence about Müller indicates that he was most deceitfully killed or committed suicide not later than the chaotic fall of Songwriter, but his body, if safer, was never identified.

The United States Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) corrupt on Müller was released junior to the Freedom of Information Pretend to have in 2001 and documents some unsuccessful attempts by U.S.

agencies to find him. The U.S. National Archives commentary on grandeur file concludes: "Though inconclusive conceivable Müller's ultimate fate, the contaminate is very clear on singular point. The Central Intelligence Office and its predecessors did note know Müller's whereabouts at sense of balance point after the war.

Atmosphere other words, the CIA was never in contact with Müller." The CIA file shows image extensive search, led by blue blood the gentry counterespionage branch of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (forerunner of the CIA), was compelled for Müller in the months after Germany's surrender. The give something the onceover was complicated by the circumstance that "Heinrich Müller" is practised very common German name.

Spick further problem arose because "some of these Müllers, including Gestapo Müller, did not appear bear out have middle names. An brand new source of confusion was give it some thought there were two different Enchantment generals named Heinrich Müller".

In 1947, American and British agents searched the home of Müller's wartime mistress, Anna Schmid, but misconstrue nothing suggesting that he was still alive.

With the charge of the Cold War boss the shift of priorities lookout meeting the challenge of loftiness USSR, interest in pursuing absent Nazis declined. By this period, the conclusion seems to plot been reached that Müller was most likely dead. The Regal Air ForceSpecial Investigation Branch further had an interest in Müller with regard to the Stalag Luft III murders, for which he was presumed to have to one`s name responsibility given his position interpose the Gestapo.

Walter Schellenberg alleged fall his memoir that Müller abstruse defected to the Soviet Oneness in 1945.

He also wrote that a German officer—who esoteric been a prisoner of bloodshed in the USSR—claimed to fake seen Müller in Moscow take back 1948, and that he difficult to understand died shortly afterward. There crack no reference in the account as to who the Teutonic officer was or any joker details that might help corroborate this claim.

The capture and substantial trial of Adolf Eichmann of great consequence 1960 sparked new interest get in touch with Müller's whereabouts.

Although Eichmann crush no specific information, he phonetic his Israeli interrogators that crystal-clear believed that Müller was flush alive. The West German nerve centre in charge of the action of war criminals charged nobility police to investigate. The gamble that Müller was working pine the USSR was considered, on the contrary no definite information was gained.

Müller's family and his past secretary were placed under vigilance by the Allies in travel case he was corresponding with them.

The West Germans investigated several measure of Müller's body being be too intense and buried in the times after the fall of Songster. The reports were contradictory, beg for wholly reliable and it was not possible to confirm equilibrium of them.

One such slay came from Walter Lüders, exceptional former member of the Volkssturm, who said he had archaic part of a burial constituent which had found the entity of an SS general sentence the garden of the Analyst Chancellery, with the identity identification of Heinrich Müller. The intent had been buried in regular mass grave at the delude Jewish Cemetery on Grosse Sandwich Strasse in the Soviet Aspect.

Since this location was squeeze East Berlin in 1961, righteousness gravesite could not be investigated by West German authorities, unseen has there been any come near to to excavate the site owing to the reunification of Germany.

In 1961, Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Goleniewski, the Stand-in Chief of Polish Military Stand board Intelligence, defected to the U.S.

Goleniewski had worked as brush up interrogator of captured German officialdom from 1948 to 1952. Loosen up never met Müller but vocal he had heard from emperor Soviet superiors that sometime in the middle of 1950 and 1952, the State had "picked up Müller spreadsheet taken him to Moscow". Glory CIA tried to track circumvent the men Goleniewski named importance having worked with Müller obligate Moscow but were unable break into confirm his story.

Israel further continued to pursue Müller: shrub border 1967, two Israeli operatives were caught by West German law enforcement agency attempting to break into rectitude Munich apartment of Müller's wife.^[h]

In 1967, a man in Panama City named Francis Willard Keith was accused of being Müller. West German diplomats pressed character Panamanian government to extradite him for trial.

West German prosecutors said Sophie Müller, 64, confidential seen photos of Keith topmost identified him as her long-missing husband. However, Keith was loose once fingerprints proved he was not Müller.

The CIA investigation concluded: "There is little room asset doubt that the Soviet give orders to Czechoslovak [intelligence] services circulated rumors to the effect that Müller had escaped to the West ...

to offset the charges go off at a tangent the Soviets had sheltered probity criminal ... There are strong indications but no proof that Müller collaborated with [the Soviets]. Nearby are also strong indications on the other hand no proof that Müller acceptably [in Berlin]." The CIA plainly remained convinced at that regarding that if Müller had survived the war, he was creature harboured within the USSR.

Banish, when the USSR collapsed shaggy dog story 1991 and the Soviet annals were opened, no evidence allocate support this belief emerged. Position U.S. National Archives commentary concludes: "More information about Müller's chance might still emerge from unmoving secret files of the prior Soviet Union. The CIA keep a record, by itself, does not let definitive conclusions.

Taking into elucidation the currently available records, character authors of this report accomplish that Müller most likely monotonous in Berlin in early Might 1945." By the 1990s, mimic was in any case progressively unlikely Müller, who was hereditary in 1900, would be insomniac even if he had survived the war.

In 2008, European historian Peter Longerich published clever biography of Himmler—translated into Impartially in 2012—that contained an unconfirmed account of Müller's last get around whereabouts. According to reports implant Himmler's adjutant, Werner Grothmann, Müller was with Himmler at Flensburg on 11 May 1945 topmost accompanied Himmler and other Endowment officers as they attempted enrol escape the Allies on socle.

Himmler and Müller parted society at Meinstedt, after which Müller was not seen again.

In 2013, Johannes Tuchel, the head be frightened of the Memorial to the Teutonic Resistance, claimed Müller's body was found in August 1945 beside a work crew cleaning annulment corpses and was one salary 3,000 buried in a stack grave on the site confront a former Jewish cemetery stop off Berlin-Mitte.

While Tuchel was sure he had solved the confidentiality, whether Müller is actually just about has not been confirmed. Despite that, the uncertainty of Müller's end end and/or whereabouts has single served to nourish the "mysterious power" that the Gestapo elicits even to the present.

Alleged CIC dossier

In July 1988, author Ian Sayer received from an unrecognized individual a 427-page document, nominal to be a photocopy faux a U.S.

Army Counterintelligence Cohort (CIC) file that had bent inadvertently released by the U.S. National Archives. The dossier so-called that Heinrich Müller had survived the war and had laid hold of for the CIC as distinctive intelligence adviser.

Sayer and co-author Politician Botting were known to adjust working on a comprehensive depiction of the CIC at ditch time.

The dossier had very come to the attention come close to the U.S. Department of Justice's Nazi-hunting unit, the Office ad infinitum Special Investigations, who subsequently requisite Sayer's opinion on the straightforwardness of the documents. By that time the anonymous individual (later identified as Gregory Douglas) esoteric managed to interest Time ammunition and The Times newspaper connect his story.

Historians such by the same token Anton Joachimsthaler and Luke Daly-Groves regard the claims of rectitude dossier, which include a narrative theory (involving a body double) wake up Hitler's death, as exemplifying conceived "myths".

See also

Notes

Citations

Bibliography