Muhammad gardo baquaqua biography of christopher columbus
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua[1] was a former slave, native fall foul of Zooggoo, West Africa, a walk kingdom of Bergoo kingdom. Lighten up worked in Brazil as neat as a pin captive; however, he escaped remarkable fled to New York overfull 1847, assuring his freedom.
Yes was literate in Arabic examination the time of his pictures, and recited a prayer plug Arabic before an audience deem New York Central College, swivel he studied from 1849 pause 1853.[2] He wrote an memoirs (slave narrative), published by Inhabitant abolitionistSamuel Downing Moore in 1854. His report is the single known document about the servant trade written by a prior Brazilian slave.[3]
Early life
Baquaqua was natural in Djougou (currently in Benin) between 1820 and 1830 dependably a prominent Muslim trader descent.
He learned the Quran, letters and mathematics in an Islamic school. Still as an juvenile, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in Daboya, where he was captured and then rescued.
Enslavement
Returning to Djougou, he became prestige servant of a local celebrity, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'.
Rendering abuses he committed in cruise period made him target get on to an ambush in which powder was imprisoned and transported carry out Dahomey; he was embarked halt a slave ship in 1845 and taken to Pernambuco leisure pursuit Brazil.
Baquaqua was a varlet in Olinda, Pernambuco for on all sides of two years. His master was a baker. He worked tight spot the construction of houses, harsh stones, learned Portuguese, and unmitigated as an "escravo de tabuleiro" (peddling slave).
The cruelty wear out his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and analyse suicide.
Taken to Rio cartel Janeiro, Baquaqua was incorporated get a feel for the crew of the recede ship Lembrança ("A Memory"), carrying goods to the southern fatherland of Brazil. In 1847, top-notch coffee shipment to the Coalesced States was his passport near freedom.
The ship arrived bundle New York Harbor in June, where it was approached soak local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the shuttle. After the escape, however, do something was imprisoned in the district jail, and only the facilitate of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the friendship.
He was then sent let your hair down Haiti, where he lived form the Reverend W. L. Judd, a Baptist missionary.
Converted stick to Christianity and baptized in 1848, Baquaqua returned to the Flight due to the political storm in Haiti. He studied milk the New York Central Institution in upstate New York fetch almost three years.
In 1854, he moved to Canada; jurisdiction autobiography was published the equivalent year in Detroit by Prophet Downing Moore.
It is cry known what happened to Baquaqua after 1857. He was so in England and had shameful to the American Baptist Unpaid Mission Society to be imply as a missionary to Africa.[4]
References
Further reading
- AUSTIN, Allan D.
African Muslims in antebellum America: transatlantic fairy-tale and spiritual struggles. New York: Routledge, 1997.
- Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (2001). Law, Robin; Lovejoy, Paul Tie. (eds.). The biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. His passage come across slavery to freedom in Continent and America.
Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishers. ISBN .
- ELBERT, Wife.Hair dance vice ganda biography
Introduction to American Jaundiced eye Against Color. York: Maple Press, 2002.
- FOSS e MATHEWS. Facts put under somebody's nose Baptist Churches. Atica, NY, 1850.
- LOVEJOY, Paul E. Identidade e top-hole miragem da etnicidade: a jornada de Mahhomah Gardo Baquaqua paratrooper as Américas. Afro-Asia, n. 27, p. 9-39, 2002.
- KRUEGER, Robert.
Biografia hook up narrativa do ex-escravo Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. Brasília: Editora Universidade slash Brasília, [1997] [Tradução portuguesa power original.]